Seenaa

Seenaa guddinaafi jijjirama pilaanii Magaala Finfinnee

— March 13, 2021 490 comments

Kutaa 4fa

Daandiiwwaan gurguddoo hedduun hanga ammatti Finfinnee keessa walqaxxaamuranii jiran kan hojjataman bara Xaaliyaaniinti. Yeroo sanatti, manni ammayyaa dhagaan ijaaramee ture, kuusaan bishaan dhiha magaalatti, Gafarsatti hundaa’uufi buufanni humna ibsaa kallattii kibba magaalattii Aqaaqiitti ijaaramee ture.

Haata’u malee, jiraatonni Finfinnee gargar kan ba’aniifi qomoon (sanyiin) waliitti makamuun dhoorkamaa ture. Pilaanota kanaan pilaaniin magaalaa Finfinnee kan jalqabaati jechuun ni danda’ama. Pilaaniin kun haa hojjetamu malee, sababoota adda addaatiin bifa guutuu ta’een lafarra bu’uu hindandeenye ture.

Kun osoo kanaan jiruu, turtii Xaaliyaanii waggaa shanii booda, Itoophiyaan gargaarsa Ingiliiziitiin bilisoomtee, Mootichi Hayila Sillaasseen gara biyyaatti deebi’uun ji’a Caamsaa bara 1933 Finfinnee seene.

Finfinneefi bulchiisa mootii Hayila Sillaasee bara 1933-1966

Bara bulchiinsa mootichaas, dhimmii magaala Finfinnee ammayyoomsuu erga Xaaliyaaniin baatee boodas ittuma fufe. Sirna fiwudaalii kana keessattis, qabiyyeen lafa magaalaas ta’e kan baadiyyaa, qabeenya dhuunfaa fiiwudaalotaa kan ture yoommuu ta’u, namoonni kunneen qabiyyicha qabatanii kan itti fayyadamaa turan abbootii lafaatiif, kiraa kaffaluudhaan akka ta’es ni beekama.

Sababa kanaafis, sirna fiwudaalaa keessa, ummanni biyya keenyaa, keessattuu ummanni Oromoo kan magaalattiin irrattii hundoofteefi ittiin babal’achaa turte, lafa magaalaarrattis ta’e lafa baadiyyaarratti wabummaan ittifayyadamummaan lafaa eegameefii akka barbaadetti itti fayyadamaa hinturre.

Yeroo kanatti, kantiibonni magaalattii kan xiyyeeffatan dandeetii bulchiinsa magaalaa cimsachuun, humnafi daangaasaanii bal’ifachuudhaan, bu’uura misooma guutuufi pilaanii magaalaa qindeessuu fa’a ture. Kana jechuun lafafi ummata Oromoo buqqisuun kan ittifufe ta’u nu agarsiisa.

Pilaanii magaala, daangaa babal’iffachuufi bu’uura misoomaa dhiyeessuu jechuun, lafafi qabeenya ga’aa qabaachuu jechuudha. Lafa daangaan magaalaa ittibabal’isan argachuuf, qonnaan bula buqqisuun xiyyeeffannoo duraasaanii ture. Fedhii babal’ifannaa lafa kana bifa seera qabeessa fakkeessuuf, maastar pilaanii magaalaa qopheessuun hojiifi karoorasaanii kan jalqabaati.

Maastar Pilaanii Finfinnee 3faa

Bara 1948 hanga 1958ti, ogeessoonni pilaannii magaalaa biyya alaa sadiin karoorri maastar pilaannii garagaraa moodelii pilaanii magaala Biriitish hordofuudhaan magaala Finfinneetiif qophaa’ee ture. Maastar Pilaaniin tokkoffaan, ogeessaa beekamaa pilaanii magaala lammii Biriitishii kan ta’e nama ‘Sir Patrick Abercrombie’ jedhamuun qophaa’ee, karoora misooma magaalaa fafaca’aafi karoora misooma manneen

 jireenyaa, lafa zoonota adda addaafi magaalota xixiqqoo daangaan Finfinnee irratti hundeessuuf ture.

Pilaaniin ‘Abercombie’ qopheesse kan hundaa’e tilmaama guddina ummataa xiqqaarratti waan tureef maastar pilaanii sadaffaan gorsa dhaabbata ‘Boltaan Hennes’fi waahilootasaa waliin karoorri pilaanii walfakkaatu garuu, tilmaama guddina ummataa guddaa irratti hundaa’uun kan qophaa’ee ture.

Maastar pilaaniin afraffaan kan qophaa’e, bara 1958ti nama ‘Luis de Marien, garee gorsitoota Firaansiin, mul’ata waahilootasaa laman duraa irrattii hundaa’uun kan qophaa’e ture. Haata’u malee, pilaaniiwwaan kunniin sadeenuu sababii hanqina faayinaansiifi ga’umsa dandeettii teknikii dhabuuttiin hojii qabatamaatti jijiiramuu hindandeenye ture.

Kana jechuun buqqa’uun qonnaan bulaa Oromoofi saamichi lafa hingaggeefamne jechuu miti. Kun kan nu hubachiisu lafti magaalaa seeraan bulaafi to’atamaa akka hinture nu agarsiisa. Hanqinoota akka pilaanii misooma lafa magaalaa sirrii dhabuu, hanqina faayinaansii, hanqina humna namaa baratee, dandeettii raawwachiisummaafi rakkoon hojiitti hiikuu pilaanotaa waan tureef amaloonni baadiyyummaa Finfinnee hanga bara 1960ti turu danda’ee ture.

Imaammata lafafi mana jireenyaa bulchiinsa mootii Hayila Sillaasee

Dhiyeessiin lafa mana jireenyaa yeroo bulchiinsa mootii Hayila Sillaasee kallattiidhaan imaammata lafa ittiin argataniin kan walqabatu ture. Tokko tokkoon abbaan lafasaati pilaanii hanga lafa, daangessitaatoofi baay’ina ijaarsa qabeenya lafa kanarra jiru kan agarsiisuu ta’uu qaba. Lafti Finfinnee keessaa irra caalaan kan dhuunfatame gareefi dhuunfaalee walitti dhufeenya cimaa sirna bulchiinsa fiwudaalawafi abbootii irreetiin kan qabaniin ture. Haalli kunis, kan ittiifufe, hanga sochiin warraaqsa soshaalistii kan sirna lafa akka qabeenyaa dhuunfaatti mirkaneessu bara 1966tti haqamuutti ture.

Fiwudaalonni misooma manneen kiraatti bobba’uufi lafa hiranii kennuu keessaatti adda durummaan hirmaatu ture. Hanga lafti bara 1967ti kan ummataafi kan mootummaa taatuti, hariiroo kabbarteewwaniifi namoota lafa xiqqoo isaanirraa argatanii kan mul’isu, walitti dhufeenya ciisiifi abbootii lafaa bifa idilee ta’een gibirriifi galiinis kan kaffalamu abbootii lafaatiif malee tajaajila mana qopheessaa mootummaatiif hinture.

 Gurgurtaan lafaafi galiin isaas baankii deetaa lafa, tajaajila mana qopheessaa keessatti hingalmaa’u ture. Dhabamuun galii kun immoo bulchiinsi magaalattii qabeenyaa barbaachisaa dhiyeessiifi fooyyaa’insa tajaajila bu’uuraafi mana jireenyaa akka hinraawwanne godhee ture. Kanaaf, yeroo kanati, qabeenyi mana jireenyaa Finfinnee %60 kan ta’u, manneen kiraa yoo ta’an, kunis kan aragriisu dhiyeessiin mana jireenyaa guutummaatti kan dhuunfatame, hoggantoota abbootii lafaa ta’aniin ta’uudha.

Kunis, Oromoon lafa isaafi magaalaa ofii hundeesse, qabeenyaasaa taate keessaati akka ragaan qabiyyee lafa kan bara 1960 agarsiisuutti, qoqqoodiinsi qabiyyee lafaa, lafa magaalaa keessaa harki 50 kan abbootii lafaa yoo ta’u, %33 immoo dhaabbilee amantaatiin kan qabaman yoo ta’u, ummanni Oromoo abbaa qe’ee kan ture garuu, qabiyyeesaarraa buqqifamee gara daangaa magaalaafi lafa hinmisoomneetti dhiibamuudhaan, handhuura magaalattii keessatti lakkoofsisaa akka xiqqaatu ta’e.

Adeemsi koloniifi fudhatamuun lafaa kun garee haaraan kan ummatoota abbaa biyyummaafi mirga ittifayadama lafaa irraa mulqamee biyya ummannishee %85 qonnaan bulaa, hojii qonnaatiin jiraattu keessatti akka uumamu godhee ture. Kun immoo sababa ijoo warraaqsi fonqolcha mootummaa bara 1966 Itoophiyaa keessatti gaggeefamee kan gaaffii abbaa qabeenyummaa lafaa naannoo sirna kolonii jala ture, isa ol’aanadha. Yaaduma kana ‘Horowitz’, akka armaan gadiitti ibsee ture:

Horowitz (1985) quotes about the 1974 Revolution, “in Ethiopia, a major effect of a land reform was to take land from Amhara and distribute it to the ‘Oromo’, and for a time the revolution is suspected of being a ‘Oromo’ plot” (p.8).

Sababii kanaaf, ummanni Oromoo yeroodha gara yerootti mormachaa tureera. Kanaaf akka fakkeenyaa guddaatti kan beekkaman keessaa tokko fincilli karaa nagayaan Waldaa Walgargaarsaa Maccaafi Tuulamaa gaggeeffamaa tureefi qabsoo qonnaan bultoota Baaleefaa kaasuun ni danda’ama. Gaaffiilee mirgaa kunneeniifi fincilli diddaa gabirummaa kun ummata Oromoo gara bilisummaatiin ga’uu yoo baatanillee, qabsoo warraaqsa ummataa bara 1966tiif, raacitii ta’uuf, gaaffiilee yeroo sanatti ka’aa turan kan akka lafti qonnaan bulaaf, gaaffii mirga eenyummaafi dimokraasii kan ka’aa turan akka ragaatti kaasuun dhiyeessuun ni danda’ama.

 Keessattuu magaalattiin gara sadarkaa magaalaa guddootti kan ceete jidduu bara 1959 hanga 1968 waytii biyya Itoophiyaa keessatti, godaansi baadiyyaa gara magaalaatti sadarkaa olaanarra ture waan ta’eef.

Guddini kun immoo maddaala jireenya hawaasa magaala Finfinnee jeeqee ture, namoonni hedduun carraa hojiif sektaroota keessaatti waan dorgomaniifi qaala’iinsa jireenyaatti dabalamuun, carraan hojii namoota kolleejjiirraa eebbifamaniif dhabamuun, fincillii bal’aan baratootaan akka gaggeeffamu godhee ture.

Gama biraatiin, ongeefi beela bara 1965 biyyattii mudateef, mootummaan deebii rincicaa kennuun gara sochiifi hiriira walirraa hincinnee baratootaafi hojjattootaan bara 1966 Finfinnee keessatti gaggeeffamuuniifi ittaansuun fonqolchi humna waraanaa mootummaa Hayila Sillaasee aangoorraa kuffisuun, mootummaa humna waraana Ayidiyolojii Soshaliiziimiin durfamu hundeessee ture.

Finfinneefi dhaabbilee idil-adunyaa

Sirna Mootii Minilikirraa jalqabdee Finfinneen, ammayoomaa, investarootaafi daldaltoota biyyoota alaafi lammiilee baadiyyaa biyya keessaa hawachaa kan dhufteefi wiirtuu barnoota olaanaas ta’aa dhufte. Kana malees, magalattiin wiirtuu dhaabbilee idil-adunyaa kan akka Tokkummaa Afrikaafaan filatamtee turte. Kana malee Komiishiniin Dinagdee Afrikaa (ECA)fi dhabilee heddu jireenyaaf akka filatamtu kan ta’e yoo ta’u, guddinni magaalaas maaster pilaanii adda ta’e yeroodhaa gara yerootti qophaa’aa ture. Kunis jiraattota Oromoo naannawashii jiran garuu kan irrafataman fakkaata.

Hundeeffama OAU (AU)

Finfinneen bara 1950ti wiirtuu, Komishinii Dinagdee Afrikaa Mootummoota Gamtoomaniif (UN Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) ta’uun filatamtee, turtii waggaa shanii booda, wiirtuu Waajjira Muummicha Dhaabbata Tokkummaa Afrikaa (Organization of African Unity (OAU)), kan amma Gamtaa Afrikaa jedhamee beekamu ture. Mootichi Hayila Sillaaseen bara 1955ti hundeeffama Dhaabbata Tokkummaa Afrikaatiif ga’ee taphachuun waajjira muummicha dhaabbatichaa akka Finfinnee ta’u godhee ture.

Dhaabbatichi bara 1992ti Gamtaa Afrikaatiin bakka bu’uun, tokkummaa ardii Afrikaa kan biyyoota 54 of keessaa qabuufi kan yeroo amma Gamtaa Afrikaa ta’eedha.

Gama biraatiin, Finfinneen handhuura qabsoo xumura koloniin biyyoota Awuroopaafi mallattoo birmadummaa Afrikaa turte. Akka mallattoo magaalota Afrikaati ilaallamtu, koloneeffattootaan osoo hinqabaminiifi hinmo’amin yeroo dheeraa kan turteedha. Haata’u malee, booda magaalaa Afrikaa kan dhumarra harka waraana biyya alaa kan hinturreefi koloniin kan hinqabamne ta’un ishiis teessoo Gamtaa Afriikaa taatee akka filtamtu ishee godheera.

BARIISAA SANBATAA Bitootessa 4/ 2013

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