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Kiristaanaafi Islaama: Amantiilee bara dheeraaf nagaan waliin jiraatan

— December 30, 2019 351 comments

Torbee darbe oduun tokko mataduree miidiyaalee qabatee ture, miidiyaalee idileefi hawaasaa. Goojjaam Bahaa naannawa Mooxaa jedhamutti masjiidni gubate kan jedhu ture oduun kun. Eenyutu gube? Akkamitti gubate? Sababa maaliif gubate? kan jedhu qaama seeraaf hojii manaati jedheen yaada.

Ummannis gaafiilee kanneeniif deebii akka fedhu xuqeen bira tara. Garuu kaayyoo yeroo gabaabaafi dheeraa gochoota manneen amantii gubuu wajjin walqabaturratti yaada kaasanii mari’achuun dansa ta’a. Sababiinsaa dhummi kun waliin jireenya sabaafi sablammiilee akkasumas hordoftoota amantiilee gara garaa biyyaa keenyaa keessatti hiikoo guddaa waan qabuufi. Kanaaf akka ajandaa xiyyeeffannoo barbaaduutti anis yaada koo qabadhee dhehaadheera.

Yaada koo seenaafi ragaadhaan walqabsiisee balbaloomsuun barbaada. Faranjiin J. Spencer Trimingham jedhamu tokko mataduree ‘Islam in Ethiopia’ jedhuun ALA bara 1952 kitaaaba tokko barreesseera. Kitaabichi akkan hubadhetti, amantiilee biyya keenya keessa jiran irratti hubannoo gaarii kan kennuudha.

Kitaabni ‘Tirimingahaam’ kun xiyyeeffannoonsaa amantii Islaamaa haa ta’u malee kaanis kan dagatee miti. Keessattuu amantaa Ortodoksii, Jiwuush (Jewish) fi Waaqeffannaa (kan barreessichi ‘pagan’ jedhee moggaase) ofkeessatti hammata. Duubdhufaatii (origin) amantiilee kanneenii, haalaafi kallattii ittiin babal’atan, akkamitti amantiin tokko kan biraa dhiibaa akkasumas waliin jiraachaa akka turan balballoomsa.

Kana malees seenaa Abisiniyaa durii, Xoobbiyaa ammaa keessatti walitti bu’iinsi hordoftoota amantii Islaamaafi Kiristaanaa inni guddaan jalqaba jaarraa 16fa keessa akka uumame ibsa. Kanaan alatti hordoftoonni amantichaa nagaadhaan waliin jiraachaa turuusaanii kitaaba kanarraa hubadheera, sababa dhiibbaa alaatiin walitti bu’iinsi xixiqqoon dhabamuu baatanillee.

Kun kan agarsiisu amantiileen kunninin waggoota 500 as walitti bu’iinsa hammaataa keessa akka hinseenne mul’isa. Ibsa biraatiin nagaadhaan walmaddii biyya tokko keessa jiraachaa turan jechuudha. Kanaaf, warri siyaasa ykn kaayyoo dhoksaa qaban gamasii bataskaana gamanaa masijiida gubuudhaan hordoftoota amantiilee lamannii walitti buusuuf yaalanillee seenaan ummata kanaa nagaan waliin jiraachuu waan ta’eef kaayyoonsaanii hinmilkaa’u. Seenaanis, afoolli ummataas kanuma dhugoomsa.

Dhugaan kitaabni kun jala sararee ibsu kan biraa amantii Waaqeffannaa, bal’inaan biyyattii keessa akka tureedha. Oromoon Waaqeffataadha yoo jedhame namni gurra hinmirmirsu; irra deddeebi’ee waan himameefi beekamaa waan ta’eef. Ummaanni Xoobbiyaa kibba jiru amantii Waaqeffannaa hordofaa ture osoo jedhamee garuu namni hedduun yeroofis ta’u gurra qeensuunsaa hinoolu.

Garuu sabni Agawu Goojjaamiifi Gondar keessa jiru hanga dhihootti heddumminaan Waaqeffataa ture osoo jedhamee namni naasuudhaan kufu hindhabamu. Ummanni Qimaantillee Waaqeffataa ture osoo jedhanii seenessa sobaati jedhanii mormu; lafa cittuu kiristaana (island of Christianity) waan jedhamtuuf. Dhugaan Tiriminghaam waggoota 70 dura qo’annoon irra gahe garuu kanuma mirkaneessa, jaalannus jibbinus, liqimsinus tufnus.

Hortee ummata Kuush kan ta’an ummanni Agawuufi Qimaanti hanga xumura jaarraa 19fatti caalmaansaanii amantii Waaqeffannaa hordofaa turan yoo jennu seenaan kun har’aaf hiika maal qaba?

Gama tokkoon ummatuma Waaqeffataa turetu adeemsa keessa gartokkeen Islaama gartokkeen Kiristaana ta’ee ummata kaaniin walitti makame. Ummanni hidda dhalootaa tokko qabu kanammoo akka laayyootti amantiidhaan adda baasanii akka jeequmsa hintaane keessa galu gochuun hindanda’amu; yaaluun waan biraa ta’ee.

Ummanni biyya keenyaa amantiin gargar bahullee, wanti dhiigaan, xinqalbiin akkasumas jireenya hawaasummaatiin waliin qoodatu kan lakkaa’amee hindhumne waan qabuuf yaaliiwwan taasisamaa jiran kunniin xiyyeeffannaa mootummaafi hawaasaa yoo argatan fagoo hindeeman; garuu yoo callisanii ilaalan balaan fidu hammaataadha.

Wantoota cimaa akka biyyaatti irratti waliigalamuu qabu keessaa waa lama ijoodha. Biyyi Xoobbiyaa jedhamtu tun haala kamiinuu jijaaramtuu, sadarkaa jalqabaatti biyya sabaafi sablammiileen 80 ta’an keessa jiraataniidha. Gama amantiinis biyya ummanni amantiilee adda addaa hordofuun ijaaramteedha.

Fakkeenyaaf amantiin Ortodoksii, Islaamaa, Pirotestaantii, Waaqeffannaa, Kaatoliikii, Bahaa’iifi kanneen biroo biyyattii keessa jiru. Hordoftoota guddaas xiqqaas kan qaban ni jiru. Akka ragaan lakkoofsa ummataa ALA bara 2007 ibsutti ummanni miliyoona 32 ol ta’u ykn baay’ina ummataa biyyattii keessaa %43.5 ta’u (bara kanatti) hordofaa amantii Ortoodoksiiti.

Ummanni miliyoona 25 ol ta’u ykn %33.9 ta’u hordofaa amantii Islaamaati. Amantiin Pirootestaantii hordoftoota miliyoon 13 ol ykn %18.6 qaba. Amantiileen sadeen kunniin ummata biyyattii keessaa hordoftoota miliyoona 70 oli ykn % 96 oli akka qaban ragaan waggoota 10 dura bahe kun ni agarsiisa. Kuni waliin jireenya amantiileefi hordoftootaa mul’isa.

Gama biraatiin, amantiilee guguddoon sadeenuu yeroowwan adda addaa biyya keessa kan galaniidha. Ortodoksii jaarraa 4fa keessa bara 360tti Abisiniyaa akka seene seenaan ni dhugoomsa. Amantiin Islaamaammoo jaarraa 7fa keessa toora bara 615tti kan biyya dhaqqabe. Pirotestaantinillee jaaraa 19fa keessa biyya gahuunsaa ni himama.

Kun kan mul’isu hordoftoonni amantiilee Islaamaafi Kiristaanaa waggaa 1300 ol ta’uuf waliin jiraatan jechuudha. Kana keessatti, akkuman gubbanatti eere, walitti bu’iinsi guddaan kan taasisame waggoota 500 dura, bara Ahmadibin Ibrahim Al-gaazii ykn bara Ahimad Giraany jedhamu sana. Kanaan ala biyya kana keessatti rakkoo guddaan walitti bu’iinsa hordoftootaa amantiilee hinjiru; akkuma hawaasa waliin jiraataniitti wantoonni xixiqqoon dhabamuu baatanillee.

Qaamni siyaasas ta’ee amantii hoogganu waliin jireenya waggoota dheeraa amantiilee biyya keenyaa kana amananii fudhachuu qabu. Gama dhaabbilee amantiitiin, “Anatu caalaa, anatu biyya ijaaree, anatu dura dhufeen, anatu maallaqa qabaa, anatu humna qabaan” hinhojjatu. Dhaabbileen siyaasaallee loogii kana keessaa ba’uu qabu. Ummanni keenyas kana sirriitti hubata jedheen yaada. Lakkoofsi hordoftoota amantii harmaan olitti eeramellee gama kanaan waan nu hubachiisu qaba.

Siyaasni biyya kanaa altokko tokko, yeroo dhihoo asimoo deddeebiin, sarara gadi lakkisee onneensaa amantii keessa yoo dhokatu mul’ata. Kanaan dura, birraa baranaa, bataskaanni Ortodoksii (lakkoofsasaa hinbeeku) gubateera. Kun gama kamiinuu fudhatama hinqabu. Kan nama ajaa’ibsiisu bataskaana gubate dhiisanii ajandaa siyaasaaf jedhamee taateen kun garmalee dhaadheffamaa tureera. Kanammoo kan dhaadhessaa turan hordoftoota amantii caala warra fedhii siyaasaa dhokataa qaban akka ture ni beekama.

Dhaadhessi kun hanga diyaaspooraa araada hiriiraa qaban bira gahee akkuma baran faayidaa malee akka wacan taasiseera. Jidduu kanammoo Goojjaam, biyya Agawuufi Qimaantitti, Masjiidni gubachuunsaa dhugaadha. Kana mootummaanis amaneera. Gochi kun kan balaaleffatamuudha. Taateen kunis haaluma walfakkaatuun waca guddaa uumeera, namas dallansiiseera. Taateen kunillee akkuma bataskaanaa sana halluu siyaasaa dibatee ture.

Akka kootti dhaabbanni amantii, kamuu haa ta’uu, kabajamuu qaba. Kan shira kana duuba jirus gaafatamuu qaba. Gama biraatiin dhaabbata amantii balaa irraan geessisanii ajandaa siyaasaa ittiin oofunimmoo yakka guddaadha, kun seeranis, hamileenis balaaleffatamuu qaba.

Hawaasni waan tokko hubachuu qaba. Kaayyoon gocha kana duuba jiru ummata dallansiisuu, walitti buusuu, dhiiga namaa dhangalaasuu, biyyattii nagaa dhabsiisuu, kana keessa fedha siyaasaa guuttachuudha. Garuu, ummata nagaa hinqabne, kan tokkummaansaa diigamerratti aangoo siyaasaa koruun balaa caalu akka qabu hubachuun sirrii ta’a.

Kanaaf balaa naannoo kana jiru to’achuun ni barbaachisa. Akkuma bataskaanni eegamu masjiidnis eegamuu qaba. Akkuma masjiinni kabajamu bataskaanas kabajamuun dirqama. Murni ykn gareen masjiida gubu haala kamiinuu nama maraatuu biyya diiguuf ajandaa qabu yoo ta’e malee lammii ‘biyyan jaaladha’ jedhurraa kan eegamuu miti.

Haaluma walfakkaatuun murni bataskaana gubus lammii biyyaaf yaadu osoo hintaane kan kaayyoo dhokataa qabuudha. Kanaaf gama amantiifi amantiin nama walitti buusuuf yaadamu kun akkuma biyyaatti balaaleffatamuu qaba.

Amantii wajjin walqabatee haalli itti odeessamaa jirullee sirrii hinfakkaatu. Gaafa bataskaanni Ortodoksii gubate waca hintaanetu uumama. Gaafa masjiidni gubate gama biraatiin wacatu ka’a. Kunimmoo dhaamsa bahaa wallolaa jechuu fakkaata.

Kanaaf warri midiyaa harkaa qabanillee rakkoo tokko arbeessanii kan biraa garmalee quucarsuun sirrii miti. Yoo bataskaanni gubate Musliimni hundi warra gocha abaraamaa kana raawwate abbaa fedhe haata’uu, kaayyoo fedhe haa qabaatuu balaaleffachuu qaba. Gaafa masjiidni gubate Ortodoksiifi hordoftoonni amantii kamuu bahanii abaaruu qabu.

Xumurarratti ummanni walhubachaa deemuu akka qabu ibsuun barbaada. Bataskaanni yoo gubatu musliima qofatti quba qabuun hinbarbaachisu. Masjiidni yoo gubate kiristaanatti qofa gaarreffachuun sirrii miti. Eenyu kan gocha kana raawwate kan jedhu sirriitti adda bahuu qaba.

Yoo kana ta’uu baatee miiraan kan deemamu ta’e waan hintaane keessa galameeti bor akkatti keessaa baanu dhabna. Kanaaf ofeeggachaa sirbuun hordoftoota amantii hundaafuu dhaamsa kooti.

Torban mataduree biraan walagarra.

 Bariisaa Mudde 18 Bara 2012

Dachaasaa Roorrootiin

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