The Battle of Adwa stands as a remarkable moment in Ethiopian history symbolizing the united spirit and unwavering determination of Ethiopian patriots in the face of foreign aggression. This historic battle, which took place on March 1, 1896, between Ethiopian forces and the Italian colonial invaders, marked a resounding victory for Ethiopians, Africans and black people across the world and a significant setback for European colonial ambitions in Africa. The Adwa Victory not only secured Ethiopian independence and sovereignty but also became a beacon of hope and inspiration for other African nations who were fighting against imperial powers. In this article, we delve into the unity displayed by Ethiopian patriots, the factors that led to their triumph, the role of women in the battle, the lasting legacy of Adwa, and the valuable lessons we, Ethiopians, can learn from this remarkable chapter in history.
No doubt, the Battle of Adwa holds immense significance as it marked a resounding victory for Ethiopian forces against the colonial ambitions of Italy. It shattered the myth of European invincibility and showcased the strength and resilience of the Ethiopian people. The triumph at Adwa not only secured Ethiopia’s independence but also inspired other nations in their fight against colonization.
Throughout history, Ethiopians have demonstrated a fierce determination to preserve their independence. From the ancient kingdom of Axum to the present day, Ethiopians have fought against various colonial powers, including the Egyptians, Ottomans, and Europeans. This resistance is a testament to the unwavering spirit and patriotism of the Ethiopian people.
Historical documents also witnessed that patriotism runs deep in Ethiopian history, serving as a unifying force during times of adversity. It has played a crucial role in inspiring and mobilizing the Ethiopian people to defend their land and culture. The Battle of Adwa stands as a shining example of how Ethiopian patriots rallied together to protect their sovereignty, embodying the spirit of national pride and love for their homeland.
Accordingly, the Ethiopian patriots shared a common set of ideals and values that brought them together. Their love for Ethiopia, a strong sense of national identity, and a deep-rooted belief in their ability to protect their land and culture, were central to this unity. Additionally, the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (EOTC), which played a significant role in national identity, served as a unifying force among the patriots.
More importantly, the unity of Ethiopian patriots was also fueled by influential figures and leaders who emerged during this critical period. Emperor Menelik II, Empress Taytu Betul, and other prominent leaders played pivotal roles in rallying the Ethiopian people. Their vision, charisma, and strategic acumen were instrumental in forging a sense of unity and purpose among Ethiopians.
Moreover, when it comes to the Adwa Victory, women played a crucial role that cannot be overlooked. They were not just bystanders cheering from the sidelines; they were right there on the frontlines, fighting alongside the men. These fierce ladies showed that they were just as capable and brave as their male counterparts.
Not only did women join the battle, but they also provided invaluable support to the Ethiopian patriots. Behind every warrior, there was a woman – a mother, wife, sister, or daughter – offering encouragement, care, and even logistical assistance. They kept the troops motivated, nursed wounded fellowmen back to health, and, gave some pretty pep talks too. Their contributions may not have been as visible, but they were certainly essential to the overall victory.
Recently, during the inauguration ceremony of the Adwa Victory Memorial Museum, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed said: “Our forefathers had known on what issue they became cooperative and made difference.”
“They also knew the difference between the government and the interests of the country. The forefathers have the knowledge that identifies the government and state’s interest and called on the new generation to inherit the positive assets from them,” he added.
According to him, our forefathers, the Prime Minister emphasized, understood the power of unity and discernment. They distinguished between the government and the true interests of the nation. This wisdom is a crucial inheritance we must embrace.
He also urged the younger generation to not simply inherit the “fires” of the past, but to harness the true spirit of Adwa’s victory. This spirit, he elaborated, embodies the eradication of poverty, unwavering defense against invaders, the preservation of dignity, and the achievement of food sovereignty.
Accordingly, the Adwa Victory holds a profound place in the collective memory of Ethiopians. It symbolizes the resilience, courage, and unwavering patriotism that lies at the heart of the Ethiopian people. Generations have been taught about the exploits of their ancestors, and the lessons from Adwa continue to inspire Ethiopians to this day.
The victory also had far-reaching geopolitical implications. It not only established Ethiopia as a beacon of hope and inspiration for other African nations facing colonization but also compelled European powers to reassess their approach towards Africa. The battle served as a powerful catalyst for the pan-African movement and ultimately contributed to the dismantling of colonial rule across the continent.
In sum, the unity shown by Ethiopian patriots during the Adwa Victory teaches us an important lesson: “united we stand, divided we fall.” Despite differences in ethnicity, religion, and social status, the Ethiopian patriots put aside their disagreements and stood together as one. They recognized that only through unity and collaboration could they overcome their common enemy. This lesson still holds true today – when we join forces and work towards a common goal, we become an unstoppable force.
In addition, the Adwa Victory’s legacy continues to inspire and remind the world of the determination and resilience that resides within the hearts of Africans. As we celebrate this historic triumph, let us be reminded of the enduring spirit of unity that led Ethiopian patriots to victory and reflect on its relevance in today’s world.
BY TEWODROS KASSA
THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD SUNDAY EDITION 18 FEBRUARY 2024
