In recent years, the rapid urbanization and population growth in Addis Ababa, the vibrant capital city of Ethiopia, have brought about numerous benefits and opportunities. However, this rapid expansion has also posed significant challenges, particularly in terms of environmental sustainability. One of the most pressing concerns is the deteriorating air quality, which not only affects the health and well-being of the city’s inhabitants but also hampers the prospects of sustainable urban development.
With its bustling streets, industrial activities, and increasing vehicular traffic, Addis Ababa has experienced a surge in air pollution levels. The emission of pollutants from various sources, such as exhaust fumes, vehicle and industrial emissions, and burning biomass, and solid fuels for cooking and heating, has contributed to the decline in air quality.
This air pollution can leads health consequences for the residents in the city through effects on the lungs and cause respiratory problems, such as asthma, bronchitis, and other respiratory diseases. Like cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, other chronic health conditions, and reduced life expectancy.
According to WHO data, a third of the world’s population, or around 2.4 billion people, still use open fires and inefficient stoves to cook using solid fuels including wood, charcoal, coal, and dung and kerosene. Most of these individuals are underprivileged and reside in low- and middle-income nations. Due to the lack of access to cleaner cooking options differs significantly between urban and rural areas.
In 2020, household air pollution was thought to be the cause of 3.2 million annual deaths in the world, among this air pollution is associated with nearly 30% of cerebrovascular heart disease deaths in the Middle East and North Africa. Due to their particular susceptibility and exposure, children are especially susceptible to the harmful health impacts of air pollution. Air pollution exposure is blamed for 20% of infant mortality worldwide. Generally, about seven million premature deaths per year are attributed to the effects of household and ambient air pollution combined.
Furthermore, air pollution has a negative impact on the city’s ecosystem. Pollution emissions from a variety of sources that can affect ecosystems have a negative impact on plant life, and lower agricultural productivity. And also, air pollution can cause water bodies to become acidic and contribute to climate change. Moreover, air pollution can deter foreign investment and tourism, as it affects the city’s overall livability and attractiveness.
However, the Ethiopian government has recognized the issue of air pollution in a nation and has taken some measures to address it. These include implementing vehicle emission standards, promoting the use of cleaner fuels, improving public transportation infrastructure, green legacy program, and raising public awareness about the health risks associated with air pollution.
Dida Diriba, General Manager of the Addis Ababa Environmental Protection Authority, told to the Ethiopian press agency approximately five new air pollution measuring devices will be installed in the a few days in addition to the four that are currently being repaired and serviced.
He said that the in the past installed air pollution measuring equipment in the city has been repaired, restored, and has become operational. Based on him, the measuring equipment will be placed in areas where cars move frequently so that the city’s population may be separated.
These devices contribute in policy decision-making, research, early warning, as well as identifying where and at which institution the highest level of pollution in the city is coming out, he stated, in addition to alerting users to the level of air pollution and enabling them to take action to prevent harm. In addition, he pointed out that new air pollution measuring equipment will be installed around Megegnagna, Wingate, Aqaki Kaliti, the American Embassy, and the Balestan gibi(official residency), and he also mentioned that the information provided is accurate and scientifically supported, making it easier to make a decision about the issue right away.
This installation of air quality measurement systems in Addis marks a critical milestone in the city’s journey towards an attractive way. And also it’s significant step towards addressing the pressing issue of air pollution in the city. The availability of accurate and up-to-date air quality data has provided valuable insights into the composition and concentration of pollutants, enabling policymakers and stakeholders to make informed decisions for sustainable urban development.
Governments can take proactive measures to successfully manage air pollution by utilizing cutting-edge monitoring technologies and leveraging the power of data-driven decision-making. Addis Ababa can set the stage for a future where its citizens will live in a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable environment through cooperative efforts, educated policies, and public involvement.
It highlighted the negative consequences of poor air quality on ecosystems, human health, and the connection between air pollution and climate change, underscoring the need for an all-encompassing strategy that addresses both problems at once..
It also provides an overview of the existing air quality conditions in the city. Focus key pollutants of concern, such as toxic gasses like carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and to know the level of ozone layer (O3).
Through enhanced monitoring infrastructure and innovative technologies, Addis Ababa has gained a more comprehensive understanding of its air quality challenges. This newfound knowledge has paved the way for evidence-based policies and interventions aimed at reducing pollution sources, improving urban planning, and promoting sustainable transport solutions. By using the power of data-driven decision-making, Addis Ababa is actively working towards a cleaner, healthier, and more livable city.
Furthermore, the integration of public awareness campaigns and citizen engagement has fostered a sense of collective responsibility among residents. By engaging the community in monitoring efforts and raising awareness about the adverse effects of air pollution, Addis is empowering its citizens to actively participate in creating a cleaner environment.
However, challenges remain on the path to sustainable air quality management. Adequate financial resources, technical capacity, and data management systems are essential for the continued success of monitoring initiatives. Sustained investment in infrastructure, capacity building, and advanced data analytics will be crucial to overcome these challenges and ensure the long-term sustainability of air quality monitoring efforts.
He mentioned that the public, the private sector, and the government should all collaborate closely to replace outdated vehicles with new ones, make the shift to electric vehicles, and utilize various fuel-efficient stoves in order to solve this issue. So far, he remarked that the institution are work resulted in a reduction of 0.166 million metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions and carbon emissions.
As Addis moves forward, it must continue to prioritize the integration of air quality considerations into urban planning and policy frameworks. By adopting a holistic approach that combines pollution control measures with sustainable development strategies.
By embracing cutting-edge technologies, fostering collaboration, and empowering its citizens, Addis Ababa is laying the foundation for a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable city. Through sustained efforts and a collective commitment to environmental stewardship, Addis Ababa can serve as a beacon of sustainable urban development for other cities around the world.
Besides, the installation of air quality measurement systems in Addis Ababa signifies a significant milestone in the city’s journey towards sustainable urban development. It is a testament to the city’s commitment to improving the quality of life for its residents and protecting the environment. By harnessing the power of data, engaging the community, and implementing effective policies, Addis Ababa is forging a path towards a greener and more prosperous future.
BY FIKADU BELAY
THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD SUNDAY EDITION 1 OCTOBER 2023
