The Ankara-mediated peace declaration between Ethiopia and Somalia marks a significant milestone in the ongoing efforts to ensure stability and cooperation in the Horn of Africa. The agreement, facilitated by Turkey, signals the commitment of both nations to resolve their differences through diplomatic engagement while countering external influences that have sought to exploit tensions in the region. This development is particularly crucial given the strategic importance of the Horn of Africa, a region that has long been a focal point for geopolitical competition and foreign intervention.
Ethiopia’s aspiration for direct access to the sea has been a key point of discussion in regional and international circles. As a landlocked nation since Eritrea’s independence in 1993, Ethiopia has had to rely on neighboring ports for its trade, a situation that has often posed economic and security challenges. The country’s leadership, under Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, has consistently emphasized the necessity of securing a sustainable and peaceful arrangement that would allow it direct access to maritime trade routes. This pursuit, contrary to the narratives pushed by certain external parties, is based on a cooperative and mutually beneficial framework rather than aggressive expansionism.
The agreement between Ethiopia and Somalia is a clear testament to Ethiopia’s diplomatic approach and its unwavering commitment to peaceful negotiations. It effectively dispels the allegations that Ethiopia harbors expansionist ambitions at Somalia’s expense. Instead, it highlights Ethiopia’s dedication to regional stability and economic collaboration. By acknowledging Somalia’s sovereignty and economic interests while seeking practical solutions for Ethiopia’s maritime needs, the declaration establishes a framework for long-term cooperation between the two countries.
The importance of this agreement extends beyond the bilateral relationship between Ethiopia and Somalia. It sends a strong message to external actors who have attempted to manipulate regional disputes for their own strategic interests. Over the years, various foreign powers have sought to exploit tensions in the Horn of Africa, often exacerbating conflicts rather than fostering genuine solutions. The Ankara declaration serves as a rejection of these destabilizing efforts and reinforces the principle that regional issues should be addressed by the nations directly involved. By engaging in direct dialogue and achieving a constructive outcome, Ethiopia and Somalia have demonstrated that African nations are fully capable of managing their own affairs without undue external interference.
This peace declaration also plays a critical role in strengthening regional security. One of the most pressing challenges facing both Ethiopia and Somalia is the persistent threat posed by Al-Shabaab, an extremist group that has destabilized Somalia for over a decade and continues to pose security risks to Ethiopia and the broader region. The agreement opens the door for enhanced security cooperation between the two nations, potentially leading to more coordinated efforts in counterterrorism and regional stability initiatives. Ethiopia has already played a significant role in Somalia’s security landscape, contributing troops to the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) and supporting efforts to combat Al-Shabaab. Strengthening diplomatic ties and building trust through agreements like this one will only enhance their ability to address such common threats.
The economic implications of the declaration are also substantial. Ethiopia, as one of Africa’s fastest-growing economies, has long sought more efficient and secure access to global trade routes. Reliable access to a seaport is critical for sustaining Ethiopia’s economic momentum, attracting foreign investment, and ensuring long-term economic stability. The agreement with Somalia paves the way for commercial arrangements that could benefit nations, fostering trade, infrastructure development, and economic integration. By working together, Ethiopia and Somalia can create economic opportunities that benefit their populations while also reducing dependence on external actors who have often used economic leverage as a means of exerting political influence.
Furthermore, the Ankara-mediated peace agreement serves as a model for conflict resolution in Africa. Too often, African disputes have been influenced by foreign interests that do not necessarily align with the continent’s long-term stability and prosperity. By taking charge of their diplomatic engagements and successfully resolving misunderstandings, Ethiopia and Somalia have set a precedent for how neighboring nations can manage disputes through negotiation rather than confrontation. The willingness of both Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud to engage in dialogue and reach a mutually beneficial agreement highlights the potential for African-led solutions to African challenges.
It is also important to recognize the symbolic significance of Turkey’s role in mediating the agreement. Turkey has maintained a strong diplomatic presence in the Horn of Africa, particularly in Somalia, where it has invested in infrastructure, humanitarian aid, and security cooperation. By facilitating this peace declaration, Turkey has demonstrated its commitment to fostering regional stability in a manner that respects the sovereignty and agency of African nations. This approach contrasts sharply with the tactics of some external actors who have historically sought to impose their own agendas on the region.
The statements made by both leaders following the agreement further reinforce the positive impact of the declaration. Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s remarks emphasized the peaceful nature of Ethiopia’s maritime aspirations and the broader regional benefits of cooperation rather than suspicion. His commitment to resolving misunderstandings and fostering economic and security partnerships with Somalia reflects Ethiopia’s broader diplomatic strategy of prioritizing stability and mutual growth. Similarly, President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud’s affirmation of his country’s readiness to work with Ethiopia signals a shift away from divisive narratives and towards a more pragmatic and cooperative approach to bilateral relations.
This agreement also builds on Ethiopia’s long-standing commitment to regional peace. Ethiopia has historically played a crucial role in peacekeeping missions, mediation efforts, and security cooperation across the Horn of Africa. Its contributions to the African Union’s peacekeeping efforts, particularly in Somalia, highlight its dedication to maintaining stability in the region. The Ankara declaration further solidifies Ethiopia’s reputation as a responsible and proactive regional actor that seeks solutions through diplomacy rather than conflict.
Moving forward, the success of this agreement will depend on continued diplomatic engagement and the implementation of practical measures that translate its principles into tangible outcomes. Both nations must work towards institutionalizing their cooperation through trade agreements, infrastructure projects, and security partnerships that reinforce the commitments made in the peace declaration. Transparency and regular diplomatic dialogue will be essential in ensuring that external actors do not find new opportunities to exploit divisions or sow discord.
In conclusion, the Ankara-mediated peace declaration between Ethiopia and Somalia is a landmark achievement that not only resolves immediate tensions but also sets the stage for long-term cooperation and stability in the Horn of Africa. By choosing diplomacy over discord, both nations have demonstrated their commitment to regional peace, economic growth, and security collaboration. The agreement effectively counters external attempts to destabilize the region and reaffirms Ethiopia’s rightful and peaceful pursuit of maritime access. It serves as a powerful example of how African nations can manage their own affairs, address their challenges through dialogue, and build a more stable and prosperous future without external interference. As Ethiopia and Somalia move forward, their strengthened ties will undoubtedly contribute to the broader goal of a peaceful and economically integrated Horn of Africa.
BY DANIEL ALEMAYEHU
THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD THURSDAY 6 FEBRUARY 2025
