Ethiopia and Madagascar have longstanding diplomatic ties, focusing on peace, stability, and development. Both countries have embassies in their capitals, promoting trade, cultural exchange, and cooperation. Last February, foreign affairs ministers discussed potential cooperation in tourism, leather production, agriculture, and aviation.
Today’s guest on the Ethiopian Herald is Randrianantoandro Eric, Chargé d’Affaires and Deputy Permanent Representative of Madagascar in Ethiopia. During his time with us, Ambassador Eric discussed political, economic, and social affairs that will strengthen the bilateral relations between the two countries. Enjoy reading
Ethiopia and Madagascar have a friendly relation and collaboration in trade, culture, and regional development. Can you share more details on this?
The modern relationship between Madagascar and Ethiopia began with Madagascar’s early independence. The shared views of the two countries’ leaders even led Madagascar to be one of the founders of the OAU, now the AU, in Ethiopia. Two years later, in 1963, His Excellency, Emperor Hailesellasie I, visited Madagascar for four days.
Madagascar and Ethiopia have maintained a good and peaceful relationship at a high level for many years. This longstanding relationship is not new. In addition to the political ties between the two countries, economic cooperation is also crucial.
During the last summit, the two foreign ministers discussed various fields of cooperation between the two countries. They talked about tourism, agriculture, leather production and aviation. More and more Ethiopians are visiting Madagascar for vacations, birthday celebrations or visits.
They visit many places, with a particular interest in beaches, especially the beach of Nosy Be. The embassy facilitates the process, providing free visas for stays of less than 15 days. Ethiopians are welcome, and even if they cannot visit the embassy before departure, they will still receive a free visa upon arrival in Madagascar.
Tourism is a significant area of cooperation, with many Ethiopian agencies involved in tourism in Madagascar. These agencies, run by Ethiopians and owned by Ethiopian businessmen, bring tourists from Gulf countries to visit beaches in Madagascar. Ethiopian Airlines plays a crucial role in linking Madagascar with major cities worldwide within a day, benefiting tourists and both countries.
The cooperation also extends to agriculture and leather production. Both countries face similar challenges, such as drought and climate change. Ethiopian researchers have visited Madagascar to study sorghum, a crop that grows well in Ethiopia’s arid regions and in the south of Madagascar. This cooperation has been fruitful, and efforts will be made to popularize sorghum cultivation among small farmers in Madagascar.
The cooperation can also extend to other cereals, vegetables, and joint research on climate. Bilateral cooperation in leather production can benefit producers in both countries, as they share knowledge and expertise. Ethiopian Airlines has increased its flights between the two countries, providing more opportunities for business, tourism, and citizen mobility.
Both governments can work together to deepen mutual benefits and prevent transnational crimes associated with free movement. Madagascar has proposed draft agreements to the Ethiopian government, which has shown a willingness to collaborate further. These are just a few areas of successful cooperation that can be further developed.
In February 2024, foreign ministers of Ethiopia and Madagascar met to discuss cooperation in tourism, agriculture, aviation … etc. How would you describe the steps taken by the two governments to initiate cooperation in these areas?
We are currently in the process of implementing the discussions held by the two leaders and foreign ministers of the two countries. We are working to turn these discussions into tangible actions.
As previously mentioned, we have proposed a framework for cooperation. Additionally, we are promoting cultural exchanges between Ethiopia and Madagascar by inviting Malagasy artists and musicians to events in Ethiopia to foster mutual understanding between the two nations.
Both governments and the private sector are actively engaged in these efforts. We are pleased with the progress being made and appreciate the support of our Ethiopian partners. Collaboration with Ethiopian Airlines is crucial for further developing and strengthening our relationship, as well as combating transnational crime. Following the meeting of the two leaders, the private sector and diplomats are working together to translate these discussions into concrete outcomes. This is a positive step forward in our cooperation efforts.
Provide a brief overview of the trade relations between the two countries, focusing on trade volume. What are the major challenges in solidifying relations?
We have some trade exports and imports from Madagascar, imports from Ethiopia, and Ethiopia imports from Madagascar. However, the volume of trade between the two countries remains low, despite a slight increase last year. There are opportunities for growth between the two countries, especially considering our membership in COMESA, which provides a framework for trade.
Madagascar has products that Ethiopians may need, such as a variety of fruits, spices like vanilla and cloves, precious stones, and seafood. Ethiopian businessmen have shown interest in raw materials for soap production in Madagascar, as well as other products. Some Ethiopian businessmen have already established small factories in Madagascar, including candle and mattress manufacturing and barber shops.
Ethiopian businessmen import products from Madagascar and export them to Gulf countries. Building relationships between businessmen from both countries is crucial for boosting trade. A major challenge identified by businessmen from both countries is the need to ease regulatory pressures, lower domestic customs duties, and improve access to information about each other’s markets.
To enhance cooperation between the two countries, it is essential to strengthen political relationships between leaders, which can provide momentum for the private sector and other stakeholders to develop trade and investment. Harmonizing customs rules and facilitating trade integration are also important steps. Bringing the private sector together and fostering relationships with the Chamber of Commerce are key strategies.
Overall, promoting trade among African countries is crucial, as many African consumers tend to buy goods from abroad. Encouraging intra-African trade is beneficial for all citizens and businesses. The embassy is open to Ethiopian businesspersons seeking information or partnerships in Madagascar.
Ethiopia plays a significant role in East Africa. How do you view Ethiopia’s role in regional integration? Do you believe Ethiopia has fulfilled its responsibilities in this regard?
Ethiopia and its people are known for being pan-Africanist, advocating for the unity of African countries. This includes promoting regional integration. Since its inception, Ethiopia has been a key player in the African Union, with Addis Ababa serving as its headquarters and being referred to as the capital of Africa. This is a crucial role that Ethiopia plays not only for African nations but for the world as a whole.
One of Ethiopia’s notable achievements is the Addis Ababa city corridor project, which is a source of pride for all. Ethiopia is also a founding member of the Intergovernmental Authority for Development (IGAD) and actively participates in regional integration efforts. Additionally, Ethiopia is a member of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), further demonstrating its commitment to regional cooperation.
Beyond mere membership in regional organizations, Ethiopia sets an example of physical integration with other African nations. The country has established road, rail, and air connections with neighboring countries, facilitating greater connectivity and cooperation. This infrastructure is essential for fostering integration and Ethiopia plays a vital role in this aspect.
In conclusion, Ethiopia’s contributions to regional integration are commendable and serve as a model for other African nations.Through its active participation in various regional initiatives and its efforts to enhance physical connectivity, Ethiopia continues to play a crucial role in promoting unity and cooperation across the continent.
Ethiopia is seeking access to a sea port, and Ethiopia and Madagascar can explore different transport options beyond aviation. How do you view Ethiopia’s efforts to secure a sea port?
The integration between Africa and the rest of the world requires infrastructure, such as aviation and sea transportation. Sea transportation is crucial for global trade, and Ethiopia aims to access it through peaceful means. Madagascar, known for its peaceful approach to conflict resolution, can engage in dialogue to find solutions.
Ethiopia recently reached a peaceful agreement with one of its neighboring countries, showcasing the African way of resolving issues through peaceful means. This approach is essential not only for trade and integration but for any problem that may arise. Africa has the potential to achieve this goal.
Madagascar is part of the African Free Trade Area. The Malagasy National Assembly ratified the Africa Free Trade Area Agreement on November 21, 2024. Is the Africa Free Trade Area beneficial for Africa, especially for Ethiopia and Madagascar? What is causing the delay in its implementation?
Africa should unite, and economic integration is one of the ways we need to undertake. The African Continental Free Trade Area (AFCFTA) will bring new opportunities for all African countries, including Madagascar and Ethiopia. Africa is one of the biggest markets in the world, and we have a lot to offer.
We have many products that are in demand worldwide, and the continent is a close market for African producers. If our exporters can meet the requirements of markets outside of the continent, they can easily meet the demands of African countries, as we share similar needs and culture. This is a significant opportunity for Africa, and the AFCFTA is one of the regional integrations that is developing rapidly.
It has been almost one year since the implementation of the AFCFTA, but it is a process that involves many stakeholders, including governments, various African Union organs, private sectors, and African citizens. Each one of us needs to coordinate to ensure the success of the AFCFTA. In the case of Madagascar, we have been members for a few years, but we ratified the agreement at the National Assembly level a few months ago. This process requires readiness from the private sector and all stakeholders, as well as infrastructure development. Being an island, we rely on ports and aviation for trade, which means we need to invest in more infrastructures.
Integration also involves harmonizing regulations and changing domestic regulations to meet the requirements of the AFCFTA. This process may take time, but with the commitment of all African countries, we believe we can achieve it. This will enable us to trade with mainland Africa and specifically with Ethiopia.
Both Ethiopia and Madagascar are members of COMESA. So, what can these two countries gain from being part of this large institutional organization?
COMESA is a significant market that is also well-developed and integrated in terms of trade. One benefit for the countries is the opportunity to harmonize formalities for transport and trade, as well as to promote trade between the two nations. This is a positive aspect of being part of COMESA, as it allows for stakeholder engagement in various sectors of the economy.
For example, producers, leaders, and handicrafts people from both countries can come together within the COMESA framework to collaborate and benefit from this partnership. This integration process involves many agreements that each country must implement within its own space, requiring significant domestic changes.
Overall, being part of COMESA helps to improve trade and free movement between Madagascar and Ethiopia. As a result, Madagascar offers free visas for Ethiopians staying for less than 15 days, even for ordinary passport holders, as a welcoming gesture facilitated by COMESA.
Ethiopia is currently implementing home grown economic reform. What does this mean for the people of Madagascar and investors?
Economic reforms are important and many African countries, including Madagascar, have undertaken them. Globalization and integration have opened up national economies to competition, leading to broader economic reforms that involve significant changes in how the economy functions.
While economic reforms may have short-term negative effects, the long-term benefits are numerous. Social costs, such as rising unemployment and disparities in living standards, are common in the short term. This makes it challenging for leaders to implement reforms, but Ethiopia has managed it well due to its strong economy.
Over the past 20 years, Ethiopia has seen a remarkable increase in per capita GDP and improvements in education, health, infrastructure, and social sectors. Despite some social costs, the Ethiopian government has taken corrective measures. The country has made progress in macro-financial, structural, and sectoral reforms, setting the stage for stable economic growth and prosperity.
Madagascar is also working towards economic reforms, following in Ethiopia’s footsteps. Ethiopia serves as a good example for countries undertaking economic reforms, and Madagascar is striving to achieve similar success.
Mr. Richard Randriamandrato from Madagascar is a nominee for Chairperson of the African Union. What are his thoughts if he wins? I believe there are two key points to consider. Firstly, Madagascar, as one of the founding members of the AU, has never before nominated a candidate for the leadership position. With our current president, Ander Azuel, we aim to demonstrate that we are African and contribute to our collective progress. This is a significant moment for our country.
If elected, I believe Mr. Richard Randriamandrato would prioritize bringing the AU closer to African citizens. It is crucial for them to recognize the importance of the AU in their lives, bringing peace, development, and hope. Strengthening the credibility of the AU among citizens is essential.
Additionally, he aims to adapt the AU to the changing world, playing a proactive role in shaping a new global order. As a member of the G20, he would work to solidify Africa’s position and elevate it as a key player in international discussions.
When significant global decisions are made, Africa should have a seat at the table. This is a top priority for Mr.Richard Randriamandrato.
These are the questions we have prepared for you today. If you would like to add any additional points, please feel free to do so.
I am very grateful for this opportunity to speak with you, as well as with the people of Ethiopia and Madagascar. I am confident that Ethiopia and Madagascar will continue to benefit from peaceful and productive cooperation in various areas. The embassy in Madagascar is dedicated to this goal, and we are aware of the Ethiopian government’s strong commitment to enhancing this cooperation.
Thank you very much.
Thank you, Ambassador.
BY GIRMACHEW GASHAW
THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD SATURDAY 28 DECEMBER 2024
