Regardless of political philosophy, economic orientation, or government structure, Ethiopia’s foreign policy towards neighboring nations is driven by the goals of supporting regional peace, stability, and economic cooperation. Ethiopia has generally maintained positive ties with its neighbors, recognizing the value of regional integration and collaboration in addressing common issues and advancing shared interests.
Throughout history, Ethiopia has actively engaged in diplomatic endeavors with neighboring nations through bilateral and multilateral channels to foster communication, resolve issues, and strengthen cooperation. This includes participation in regional organizations such as the Organization of African Unity (OAU), the current African Union (AU), and the Inter-governmental Authority on Development (IGAD).
Ethiopia is also known as a peace-loving country that contributes to the peace and security of other nations. The country plays a significant role in regional peace and security operations, including peacekeeping missions and conflict resolution efforts in countries like South Sudan, Somalia, and Sudan.
Moreover, the government has been working to promote economic cooperation among the IGAD member states. Ethiopia aims to enhance economic ties with neighboring nations through trade agreements, infrastructure development projects, and joint ventures. Initiatives like the East African Community (EAC) and the Horn of Africa Initiative aim to foster regional economic cooperation and growth.
Ethiopia believes in the concept of mutual benefit, which involves freely sharing its natural resources. Water-related issues, particularly those concerning the Nile River, have influenced Ethiopia’s relationships with its neighbors. Apart from providing Nile River water to neighboring countries, Ethiopia’s construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) has been a source of contention with downstream nations, leading to diplomatic efforts to address concerns and find mutually beneficial solutions.
As mentioned earlier, Ethiopia is a peaceful country that has never declared war on any of its neighbors; instead, Ethiopia focuses on ensuring cross-border security. The country collaborates with neighboring nations to address security challenges like counter terrorism, border security, and intelligence sharing through joint military operations and information exchange. Even after the political reform in mid-2018, Ethiopia’s leaders continue to prioritize mutual respect and development.
Given Ethiopia’s commitment to peace and cooperation in the Horn of Africa, one might question why Ethiopia sought to sign a port agreement with Somaliland. Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed stated during the 36th regular session of the House of People’s Representatives that Ethiopia’s foreign policy strategy towards neighboring countries is based on collaboration and mutual development.
For example, the government is dedicated to resolving conflicts with Sudan and restoring internal peace through discussions, as the Sudanese people value peace and share deep social ties with Ethiopians. The two nations have historical, cultural, and diplomatic connections. Ethiopia remains neutral in Sudan’s current violence.
Although Ethiopia may have a capability of recapturing the Al-Fashqa territory during Sudan conflict, the government of Ethiopia is patiently awaits peaceful resolution in Sudan. Ethiopia also provides electricity to meet Sudan’s energy needs without immediate payment, demonstrating its commitment to peace in the region.
The same approach applies to Somalia, where Ethiopia aims to maintain good relations and promote collaboration. Ethiopian soldiers have made sacrifices in Somalia to ensure peace and security in the neighboring country.
Prime Minister Abiy emphasized that Ethiopia respects Somalia’s sovereignty and territorial integrity while seeking peace and cooperation. Regarding the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Somaliland, he clarified that the agreement was part of Ethiopia’s legitimate quest for access to the sea, not a violation of territorial integrity. Ethiopia’s pursuit of sea access aligns with its national interests and economic growth.
In nutshell, Ethiopia’s foreign policy towards its neighbors prioritizes economic integration, peacekeeping, and regional cooperation. By fostering strong diplomatic ties and working together to address common challenges, Ethiopia aims to contribute to a secure and prosperous region that benefits all participating countries. Ethiopia’s pursuit of sea access is seen as a win-win situation that can benefit the entire region.
Editor’s Note: The views entertained in this article do not necessarily reflect the stance of The Ethiopian Herald
BY EPHREM ANDARGACHEW
THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD SATURDAY 6 JULY 2024
