Today, more than ever before, the silent epidemic of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) looms over the globe, casting its shadow upon Ethiopia. With staggering implications for the health and well-being of its people, NCDs demand immediate attention. Ethiopia, a nation with a soaring population and a rapidly growing burden of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs), is facing a pressing public health challenge. A recent study conducted by Meron Girma (PhD) under the title “Trends and Factors Associated with Overweight/Obesity, Diabetes and Hypertension in Ethiopia” illuminates the gravity of NCDs, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Ethiopia.
Likewise, the research, conducted by a team of senior researchers and supported by the Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) and the National Information Platform for Nutrition (NIPN), reveals a substantial increase in the prevalence of obesity over the past five decades. Specifically, the study indicates that the rate of obesity has nearly tripled during this time period. In the same way, Horizon Health’s report (2023), titled “Enabling Environments for NCD Risk Reduction in Ethiopia by 2040,” warns as NCDs are projected to contribute to an alarming 65 percent of disabilities in the country.
The Global Burden of Disease report of 2019 highlights a concerning trend: non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have emerged as the primary causes of mortality worldwide, including in Ethiopia.
The study conducted by the well-experienced researchers further provides insights into the factors underlying the growth of NCDs in Ethiopia. A key discovery is the upward trend in overweight/obesity among women in the country from 2000 to 2016, primarily influenced by increasing wealth. Furthermore, sedentary jobs and increased screen time contribute to physical inactivity, which is identified as a risk factor for prediabetes/diabetes among women.
According to Horizon Health’s report (2023), the adoption of Western dietary patterns, along with reduced levels of physical activity, further exacerbates the prevalence of NCDs in Ethiopia. Additionally, air pollution, particularly in urban areas, poses a significant threat to maternal and child health.
All the findings discussed above underscore the heightened risk of premature deaths caused by NCDs, emphasizing the pressing need for effective interventions and preventive measures.
Addressing these risk factors and creating a conducive environment that promotes healthy behaviors, particularly within vulnerable populations, pose significant challenges.
It is evident that the gravity of the situation calls for immediate action to prevent premature mortality and mitigate the detrimental impact of these diseases on individuals, families, and communities. Recognizing the critical importance of early intervention, it becomes imperative to prioritize healthy lifestyles and preventive measures during pregnancy. This is particularly crucial, as non-communicable disease risk factors frequently have their origins in fetal life. By addressing these factors proactively, we can pave the way for a healthier future and avert the potential consequences of these alarming statistics on society as a whole.
In addition to assessing the prevalence of NCDs and associated risk factors within the country, Meron and her team’s study provides invaluable recommendations and solutions to effectively tackle the escalating challenge of combating overweight/obesity, and other NCDs in Ethiopia. The finding emphasizes the importance of promoting healthy eating habits, encouraging physical activity, and reducing sedentary lifestyles. The implementation of policies supporting healthy diets, improving food environments, and raising awareness about the benefits of physical activity is strongly advised by the senior researchers. Additionally, the study underscores the need for strengthening NCD surveillance and integrating NCD services into the primary healthcare system, emphasizing the importance of interventions to address these issues effectively.
Amidst the shadows of concern, a glimmer of hope emerges, signifying that the collective efforts underway have not been in vain. The Ethiopian government, fully aware of the urgency of addressing the rising threat of Non-Communicable Diseases, has taken decisive action. In response to the impassioned plea of the World Health Organization (WHO) for member states to accelerate progress towards global NCD targets outlined in the Sustainable Development Goals, Ethiopia has developed a comprehensive National Strategic Action Plan (NSAP). This groundbreaking initiative serves as a blueprint for tackling NCDs head-on and effectively managing the intricate challenges associated with overweight and obesity.
In line with these efforts, the Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NIPH) have jointly launched a pioneering project dubbed “Enabling Environments for Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) Risk Reduction in Ethiopia. The launch of this groundbreaking project, ENABLE, marks a significant stride forward in addressing the triple burden of undernutrition, micronutrient deficiency, and the elevated risk of NCDs, particularly among the urban population.
During the kick-off ceremony held at the premises of EPHI, Deputy Director General of EPHI, Getachew Tollera (MD) emphasized that this concerted endeavor signifies a resolute commitment to combating NCDs and safeguarding the well-being of Ethiopian communities.
Unquestionably, the launch of the ENABLE Project in Ethiopia marks a significant milestone in addressing the burden of NCDs in the country. Attended by a diverse group of over 80 individuals, including consortium members, stakeholders, and governmental and non-governmental organizations, the event showcased the project’s commitment to reducing the lifelong prevalence of major NCD risk factors among pregnant women. Led by joint principal investigators, Masresha Tessema (PhD) and Eleni Papadopoulou (PhD) from EPHI and NIPH respectively, the ENABLE consortium consists of 11 partners from Europe and Africa.
The project, supported by a grant from the European Union (EU) Horizon Europe Framework Program, aims to promote healthy diets, physical activity, and reduced air pollution in urban environments. By implementing evidence-based interventions in four Ethiopian cities, namely Addis Ababa, Adama, Harar and Jimma, the consortium members will work towards increasing knowledge, developing capacity and skills, and fostering positive behavioral change among pregnant women, community groups, and healthcare providers. Ultimately, ENABLE seeks to enhance the overall healthcare system and improve public health outcomes, thereby reducing the burden of NCDs in Ethiopia.
In conclusion, the combination of the NIPN-supported research findings from Meron Girma and others, the ENABLE project offers a compelling perspective on the magnitude of the NCD crisis in Ethiopia. The heightened risk of premature deaths and the increasing burden of NCDs demand immediate action. By prioritizing preventive measures, promoting healthy lifestyles, and implementing effective policies, Ethiopia has the potential to combat NCDs and improve the health and well-being of its population. In this respect, the ENABLE project, supported by a consortium of international partners, serves as a beacon of hope, offering evidence-based solutions to empower individuals, strengthen healthcare systems, and create a healthier future for all Ethiopians.
BY TEKLE TESFALIDET
The Ethiopian Herald May 28/2024
