In today’s rapidly advancing world, technology transfer and innovation play a vigorous role in driving economic growth and societal progress. In Ethiopia, a nation rich in cultural heritages and natural resources, there is tremendous potential for hitching scientific research and innovation to address socio-economic challenges and pave the way for a prosperous future.
Technology transfer refers to the process of sharing and disseminating scientific knowledge, research findings, and technological developments from academic and research institutions to industries and society at large. It plays a crucial role in translating scientific discoveries into practical applications, creating new products, enhancing productivity, and fostering economic development. By bridging the gap between research and commercialization, technology transfer fuels innovation and drives competitiveness.
Recognizing the need to overcome these barriers, Ethiopia has been taking significant steps to promote technology transfer and foster innovation. Bayissa Bedada, State Minister of Innovation Technology stated that these initiatives aim to create an enabling environment that facilitates the smooth transition of research outcomes into viable products and services.
As to him, technology transfer refers to the process of sharing and disseminating knowledge, skills, and technologies from one entity to another, typically from more advanced or developed organizations to less advanced or developing ones. It plays a crucial role in driving innovation, fostering economic growth, and bridging the technological gap between countries or regions.
Technology transfer enables countries or organizations to acquire new knowledge, skills, and expertise from more advanced entities. This helps them improve their capabilities and competitiveness in various sectors. Through adopting and implementing advanced technologies, countries can enhance their productivity, efficiency, and overall economic development. Technology transfer facilitates the diffusion of technological advancements, which can lead to job creation, increased industrial output, and higher standards of living.
Technology transfer also involves collaboration between different organizations or countries, fostering innovation and research partnerships. It encourages the exchange of ideas, joint R&D efforts, and the development of new technologies or products. Accordingly, the Ministry is working in collaboration with two Universities from India and other countries, he asserted
Moreover, technology transfer contributes to capacity building through providing training and technical assistance to the receiving entities. This helps them develop the necessary skills and expertise to utilize and adapt the transferred technologies effectively.
To ensure successful technology transfer, it is essential to have effective policies, legal frameworks, and supportive institutions in place. Governments, academia, research institutions, and industry stakeholders often collaborate to facilitate technology transfer through initiatives such as licensing agreements, joint ventures, and knowledge-sharing platforms.
Mentioning that technology and innovation sector is among the priority sectors identified to realize the Home Grown Economic Reform and make Ethiopia a middle income country by 2030, he explained that the ministry has also revised the policies for its successful implementation.
Despite the potential benefits, technology transfer in Ethiopia faces several challenges, said Abreham Belay, a software engineer. These barriers need to be addressed to unlock the full potential of the nation’s scientific and technological capabilities. Some key challenges include:
Limited research-industry collaboration is often a gap between academia and industry in Ethiopia, with limited collaboration between researchers and businesses. This hampers the effective transfer of knowledge and technology. Insufficient funding for research and development activities also limits the ability of institutions to conduct cutting-edge research and develop innovative solutions.
Despite the challenges, Ethiopia has witnessed notable success stories in technology transfer and innovation. One such example is the development of low-cost medical devices by Ethiopian researchers to address healthcare challenges in rural areas. These devices have not only improved healthcare delivery but have also created opportunities for local manufacturing and job creation.
Ethiopian researchers have developed low-cost medical devices to address healthcare challenges in rural areas. For instance, a team of engineers at the Addis Ababa Institute of Technology created a low-cost, battery-operated infant incubator that is specifically designed for resource-constrained settings. This innovation has significantly improved access to neonatal care and reduced infant mortality rates in rural communities.
Ethiopia has also harnessed its renewable energy potential by transferring solar energy technologies into practical applications. The country’s commitment to renewable energy has resulted in the development of solar-powered irrigation systems, solar-powered water pumps, and solar home systems. These innovations have helped improve agricultural productivity, access to clean water, and electricity in remote areas.
Moreover, in Ethiopia’s agriculture sector, technology transfer has played a crucial role in boosting productivity and improving food security. The Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) has developed improved seed varieties, such as drought-resistant maize and disease-resistant wheat, through collaborative research and knowledge-sharing with international partners. These innovations have helped farmers increase their yields and adapt to changing climatic conditions.
Mobile money and digital financial services are also additional success in Ethiopia’s path in technology transfer. The nation has embraced the technology transfer of mobile money and digital financial services. The introduction of services like Telebirr has revolutionized financial inclusion by allowing individuals to send and receive money, make payments, and access financial services through their mobile phones.
Presenting the company’s six- month performance report yesterday, Ethio telecom CEO Frehiwot Tamru said, subscribers to Telebirr, launched in May 2021, grew to 41 million of its 74.6 million total subscribers. She further noted that it was able to transact 910.7 billion birr during the past six months. This innovation has transformed the way Ethiopians manage their finances, particularly in rural areas where traditional banking services are limited.
The nation has also made significant strides in ICT and technology transfer in recent years. The country has witnessed the emergence of tech startups, incubators, and innovation hubs, such as the Ethiopian ICT Park and Labs. These initiatives have fostered a culture of entrepreneurship and innovation, leading to the development of various software solutions, mobile applications, and e-commerce platforms.
It was also able to successfully attract foreign direct investment in the textile and garment industry, leveraging technology transfer to build a competitive manufacturing sector. International clothing brands have established factories in Ethiopia, bringing advanced production techniques and expertise. This transfer of technology has created employment opportunities, boosted exports, and positioned Ethiopia as a rising player in the global textile market.
These success stories demonstrate the potential of technology transfer and innovation in addressing socio-economic challenges, improving livelihoods, and driving economic growth in Ethiopia. By fostering a conducive environment for knowledge exchange, research-commercialization linkages, and collaboration between academia, industry, and government, Ethiopia continues to pave the way for further advancements in various sectors.
Looking ahead, there is an immense potential for Ethiopia to further capitalize on technology transfer and innovation. Through nurturing a vibrant ecosystem that encourages research-industry collaboration, provides adequate funding and support, and fosters an entrepreneurial culture, Ethiopia can position itself as a hub for technological advancements and economic growth. Collaboration with international partners, knowledge exchange programs, and targeted investments in research and development will also play a significant role in accelerating technology transfer and innovation in the country.
Undoubtedly, foreign investors play a crucial role in promoting technology transfer and innovation in Ethiopia, Abrham noted. To contribute effectively to the country’s development and maximize the benefits of their investments, foreign investors should engage in partnerships with local universities, research institutions, and technology transfer offices to leverage their expertise and knowledge. Collaborative research projects and joint ventures can facilitate the transfer of technology and promote innovation.
Allocating resources and funding to support research and development activities in Ethiopia shall also be their home task. By investing in cutting-edge research, foreign investors can contribute to the generation of new knowledge, technological advancements, and innovative solutions tailored to the local context.
Investors can get additional benefit if they can work in collaboration with local entrepreneurs through providing mentorship, access to networks, and financial resources. Foreign investors can contribute to the growth of the startup ecosystem in Ethiopia by fostering innovation-driven enterprises and helping them scale up their operations.
All in all, technology transfer and innovation are essential drivers of economic growth and societal progress. In Ethiopia, concerted efforts are being made to promote the transfer of knowledge and technology from laboratories to the market. Through addressing barriers, fostering collaboration, and providing the necessary support and infrastructure, Ethiopia is poised to harness its scientific and technological potential for the benefit of its people and the broader global community. With continued commitment and investment, Ethiopia can position itself as a leading innovator, contributing to sustainable development and prosperity in the years to come.
BY HIZKEL HAILU
THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD FRIDAY 26 JANUARY 2024
