Ethiopia and South Sudan have deep-rooted and shared relationship, shaped by historical ties, cultural connections, and regional dynamics. In recent years, the diplomatic engagement between the two nations has intensified, driven by mutual interests in security, economic cooperation, and regional stability.
Both nations are home to diverse ethnic groups that have interacted through trade, migration, and cultural exchange. However, the modern political landscape has often imposed strains on their relationship, particularly due to South Sudan’s stormy history, including its struggle for independence from Sudan, which was achieved in 2011.
Ethiopia played a crucial role in South Sudan’s cause, acting as a mediator during peace negotiations. This foundational support laid the groundwork for a diplomatic relationship characterized by cooperation.
Since South Sudan’s independence in 2011, the nation has faced significant challenges, including internal conflict and humanitarian crises. As a member of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD), Ethiopia has taken on a vital role in fostering dialogue and peace negotiations among the warring factions.
In 2013, South Sudan erupted into civil war, leading to widespread displacement and suffering. Recognizing the urgent need for intervention, Ethiopia has actively facilitated peace talks, providing a neutral ground for conflicting parties to come together. The Ethiopian government has hosted multiple rounds of negotiations, aiming to create a framework for dialogue that addresses the root causes of the conflict.
In recent years, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, Ethiopia has actively mediated talks between South Sudan’s President Salva Kiir and opposition leaders, facilitating dialogue aimed at achieving lasting peace.
Ethiopia’s historical ties and geographical proximity to South Sudan position it as a key player in the peace process. Ethiopia’s government has emphasized the importance of unity and reconciliation among South Sudanese parties, advocating for a comprehensive peace agreement that addresses the root causes of the conflict.
Also, Ethiopia’s involvement highlights the broader role of African nations in addressing regional conflicts, promoting a collective approach to peace building in South Sudan and reinforcing the significance of diplomatic engagement in resolving disputes.
Both nations face common threats, including cross-border violence and the presence of armed groups. Ethiopia has offered support to South Sudan in strengthening its security apparatus, particularly through training and capacity building initiatives. This collaboration aims to ensure stability along their shared border, which is often a flashpoint for conflict.
Ethiopia’s approach has been characterized by a focus on inclusivity, ensuring that various stakeholders, including marginalized groups, are represented in peace discussions. This commitment to a comprehensive peace process reflects Ethiopia’s understanding that sustainable solutions require the involvement of all segments of society.
The country’s diplomatic efforts have also been supported by its contribution of troops to the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS). This military presence underscores Ethiopia’s dedication to stabilizing the region and protecting civilians affected by violence.
Additionally, the presence of various armed groups along the border poses a challenge to security. Ethiopia has been proactive in addressing these concerns by conducting joint military operations with South Sudanese forces.
Furthermore, the two countries can address their grievances, share best practices, and collaborate on joint initiatives. Strengthening their participation in regional organizations can enhance their diplomatic ties and contribute to a more peaceful and stable Horn of Africa.
Also, economic ties between the two countries have also seen noteworthy advancements. South Sudan is rich in natural resources, particularly oil, while Ethiopia boasts a growing agricultural sector and a vibrant manufacturing industry. By fostering economic collaboration, both countries can leverage their strengths to promote mutual growth.
Furthermore, Efforts have been made to enhance trade relations by reducing tariffs and facilitating cross-border commerce. Ethiopia has emerged as a significant trading partner for South Sudan, supplying essential goods, including food and consumer products. The expansion of trade routes and infrastructure projects, such as roads and railways, is crucial for enabling the movement of goods between the two nations.
Beyond political and economic ties, yesterday, the Ethiopian Ambassador to South Sudan, Nebil Mahdi, and South Sudan’s Minister of Higher Education, Science and Technology, Madut Biar Yel discussed the increase of the number of scholarships for South Sudanese students in Ethiopian universities
Previously, Ethiopia provided 150 scholarships for both postgraduate and undergraduate students. But now, Ethiopia has granted South Sudan 645 scholarships to study bachelor, masters and doctoral programs in high institutions of learning in Addis Ababa and other regions in Ethiopia, The City Review, a South Sudanese Digital Media reported.
“This year, Ethiopia granted 645 scholarships for South Sudanese in different sectors,” said Ambassador Nebil. The increment of 495 scholarships for South Sudanese students in different fields marks a significant commitment to building the world’s youngest nation’s human resources.
“We are committed to continuing this partnership and facilitating access to quality education for more South Sudanese youth,” the ambassador affirmed. In addition to increasing scholarships, the Ethiopian government has taken further steps to ease the financial burden on South Sudanese students.
Ambassador Nebil revealed that his Ministry of Education has covered the USD 150 resident permit fee this year, which was previously levied on South Sudanese students. Also, he said there are ongoing efforts with the Ethiopian parliament to permanently waive student visa fees under immigration law.
“Our Ministry has already paid the fee for this year. We are working to institutionalize this support so it doesn’t become a recurring burden.”
Meanwhile, Minister Madut Biar expressed gratitude for Ethiopia’s longstanding support to South Sudan since the liberation struggle.
With hundreds of students preparing to continue with their studies in Ethiopia under the expanded program, the move signals not only a strong bilateral partnership but also a shared investment in the region’s human capital.
Looking ahead, the prospects for Ethiopia – South Sudan diplomacy appear promising but are contingent on addressing existing challenges. Continued high level engagement, coupled with a commitment to economic cooperation and security collaboration, will be essential in deepening their ties.
By prioritizing dialogue and partnership, Ethiopia and South Sudan can lay the foundation for a robust and resilient diplomatic relationship that benefits not only their countries but the wider region.
The Ethiopian government remains hopeful that through persistent diplomatic efforts, a sustainable resolution can be achieved, paving the way for a brighter future for South Sudan and enhancing stability in the Horn of Africa.
BY FIKADU BELAY
THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD WEDNESDAY 21 MAY 2025
