The relationship between Ethiopia and Somalia transcends mere diplomatic or political ties; it is deeply rooted in the connections between their peoples. This bond, forged over centuries, goes beyond politics and is characterized by shared cultures, languages, and traditions. The two nations share a long border and a rich tapestry of ethnic ties, particularly among the Somali tribes. Notably, tribal leaders in Somalia often hold roots in the Somali region of Ethiopia, highlighting the intertwined nature of their societies.
The historical relationship between the two countries has been particularly significant during challenging times. Throughout Somalia’s struggles, especially during the peak of the civil war and the rise of extremist groups, Ethiopia has played a crucial role. The Ethiopian military’s sacrifices during these turbulent periods have been vital in stabilizing the region. By engaging in operations against the terrorist group Al-Shabaab, Ethiopian forces have achieved remarkable victories that are well-known among the Somalia populace and the world. This military intervention has not only contributed to security but has also fostered a sense of gratitude among many Somalis, who view Ethiopia as a protector in times of need.
Ethiopia’s commitment to Somalia extends beyond military support. The country has served as a second home for many Somalis fleeing violence and instability. During the Al-Shabaab attacks, thousands sought refuge in Ethiopia, where they found safety and support. This humanitarian aspect of their relationship has strengthened the bonds between the two nations, showcasing deep-seated empathy and solidarity.
Despite this strong foundation, recent developments have strained the relationship between Ethiopia and Somalia. Various entities, both internal and external, have sought to exploit these tensions for their own interests, complicating the dynamics between the two nations. However, in a significant shift towards reconciliation, both countries have taken bold steps to mend their ties.
The two Horn of Africa nations have signed a landmark agreement aimed at resolving longstanding disputes and unlocking shared opportunities for development and growth. This agreement, brokered by Turkey, represents a significant milestone in the relationship between the two countries. Signed by Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed and Somalia President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, it sets the stage for collaborative efforts in various sectors.
Following the agreement last week Prime Minister Abiy and Somalia’s President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud issued a joint statement emphasizing the importance of cooperation and dialogue between their nations. Both leaders committed to moving forward together to achieve common prosperity while addressing Ethiopia’s need for sea access.
The Premier thanked Türkiye for its dedication to peace efforts in the Horn of Africa, noting, “A venture like this must be met in the spirit of cooperation and not suspicion. I believe today’s constructive discussions will pave the way for a new year marked by cooperation, friendship, and the willingness to work together rather than against each other.”
Abiy highlighted that Ethiopia’s growing youth population and economic demands necessitate access to the sea, which would unleash economic dynamism and generate positive spillover effects across the Horn of Africa.
“As neighbors, Ethiopia and Somalia share centuries of relations. We are not just neighbors but brothers and sisters, bound by blood,” he said. “Ethiopians and Somalis share a common history, language, and culture, strengthened by the sacrifices of thousands of Ethiopian soldiers who defended Somalia against terrorist threats.”
Expressing gratitude for the year-long efforts to facilitate the discussions, PM Abiy stated, “Ours was never a case for third-party intervention; rather, it was meant to be a family dialogue.” He reaffirmed Ethiopia’s commitment to regional integration, emphasizing mutual development and shared growth as the foundation for stability in the Horn of Africa.
Similarly, Somalia’s President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud pledged to strengthen bilateral relations and cooperation. He acknowledged the sacrifices made by Ethiopian troops in safeguarding Somalia from terrorist attacks, particularly within the African Union peacekeeping missions.
“Ethiopian forces have shown their commitment to Somalia’s security over many years,” President Mohamud said. “Ethiopia and Somalia have more commonalities than differences. Our shared history, culture, and values highlight how interconnected our people are. We must build on these commonalities for mutual benefit.”
He underscored the region’s need for collaboration, adding, “The Horn of Africa is a fertile but volatile region that requires Ethiopia and Somalia to work together to achieve peace and prosperity for our peoples and the region at large.”
At a joint news conference, Turkish President Erdogan lauded the progress made during the peace talks. “We have taken the first step toward a new beginning based on peace and cooperation between Somalia and Ethiopia,” he said.
Erdogan expressed satisfaction with hosting the delegations in Türkiye and highlighted the success of the Ankara Process, initiated eight months ago. “This achievement reflects the trust Ethiopia and Somalia have placed in Türkiye’s mediation efforts,” he remarked.
The signing of this agreement marks a significant milestone in the relationship between the two countries. It is seen as a testament to the growing regional cooperation and the desire for peace and stability in the Horn of Africa.
Also, following the agreement different blocs are commending the pact. The Special Representative of the Chairperson of the African Union Commission (SRCC) for Somalia and Head of the African Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS), Ambassador Mohamed El-Amine Souef, has welcomed the communiqué signed on December 11, 2024, in Ankara.
Ambassador Souef commended this exemplary act of leadership, highlighting its significance in advancing regional peace, security, and stability. He encouraged both parties to implement the agreed measures to further solidify mutual trust and cooperation for the benefit of their people.
ATMIS remains fully committed to supporting Somalia’s state-building and security transition, by the aspirations of the Somali people and the African Union’s vision for a stable and prosperous Africa.
Also, African Union Commission Chairperson Moussa Faki Mahamat, Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) Executive Secretary Workneh Gebeyehu (PhD), and the European Union have commended the landmark Ankara Agreement reached between the two sisterly countries.
Overall, as both countries embark on this new chapter, the international community is closely watching. The agreement could serve as a model for other regional conflicts and inspire hope for a more peaceful and prosperous future for the Horn of Africa.
BY EYUEL KIFLU
THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD THURSDAY 19 DECEMBER 2024
