Ethiopia stands at a pivotal point in its energy transition and environmental concerns. Biogas presents a sustainable solution that not only addresses energy needs but also enhances waste management and agricultural productivity.
Biogas technology also provides a clean energy source for cooking, lighting and electricity. In this way it promotes rural development and poverty alleviation. Ethiopia is now striving to meet its ambitious climate goals and improve energy security. Hence leveraging biogas presents a dual opportunity through reducing reliance on fuel wood and fossil fuel while promoting sustainable agricultural practices.
During his brief stay with The Ethiopian Herald, Environmentalist and lecture of Addis Ababa University, Tadesse Alemu (PhD), stated that a critical issue facing the country that handling of waste. According to him, a staggering 60-70% of the waste collected across various regions consists of dry waste. This neglected resource, he argues, should be recycled to combat air pollution and mitigate health problems associated with waste mismanagement.
He pointed out that dry waste can be transformed into valuable resources like biogas and compost. Biogas, primarily composed of 50-60% methane and carbon dioxide, is a clean and renewable energy source. When burned, it emits no smoke, making it a safer alternative for cooking and heating.
Biogas is produced through the anaerobic digestion of organic materials such as animal manure, agricultural residues, and food waste. The country’s energy sector is heavily reliant on biomass, particularly for cooking and heating. This reliance leads to deforestation, air pollution, and health issues associated with indoor smoke. Biogas can provide a cleaner alternative, significantly reducing reliance on traditional biomass fuels.
With its agricultural economy and a significant livestock population, Ethiopia has the raw materials necessary to harness biogas for energy production. The expert emphasized that this eco-friendly energy source could significantly benefit rural areas where access to electricity remains limited.
Despite the significant potential of biogas, several challenges hinder its widespread adoption in the country. To this, many rural communities lack awareness of biogas technology and its benefits. Educational programs are essential to inform farmers and local populations about how biogas systems can improve their livelihoods by providing a reliable energy source and reducing waste.
The scholars mentioned currently, there is a shortage of trained technicians who can install and maintain biogas digesters. Developing vocational training programs in biogas technology could build local expertise, creating jobs while ensuring that the systems are effectively managed.
He also noted a significant challenge in expanding biogas production is water scarcity. The production of biogas requires a consistent supply of water, which can be a limiting factor in many regions of the country.
Additionally, the initial investment for biogas systems can be high, deterring many farmers from making the switch. Although some government initiatives and NGOs provide subsidies and micro-financing options, these are often not enough to cover the costs. A more robust financial framework, including loans with favorable terms and incentives for biogas adoption, is necessary to encourage investment.
A supportive policy environment is critical for the growth of the biogas sector. While Ethiopia has made strides in developing renewable energy policies, there is a need for more specific regulations governing biogas production and use. Clear guidelines regarding land use, waste management, and energy tariffs can create a stable environment that encourages investment
Biogas production relies on a consistent supply of organic waste. In rural areas, agricultural residues, livestock manure, and food waste are abundant, yet their collection and transportation can be logistically challenging. Implementing community-based waste collection systems could enhance feedstock availability and promote a circular economy.
Despite this challenge, the expert cited impressive statistics from biogas initiatives across the country. Between 2014 and 2017, approximately 20,000 biogas systems were installed in various regions, including 4,500 in Amhara, 5,500 in Oromia, 3,500 in the Southern Region, 4,500 in Tigray, and more. These installations have directly benefited around 120,000 people, providing them with cleaner energy and reducing reliance on harmful fuels like coal, he added.
Hussein Ali, a PhD candidate in Environmental Science at Addis Ababa University, echoed Tadesse’s opinions, adding that biogas can enhance soil fertility. The leftover digested sludge from biogas production can be utilized as a nutrient rich liquid fertilizer or compost, thereby boosting agricultural productivity.
He stressed that compost derived from waste is often superior to imported fertilizers, as it reduces foreign exchange expenditure and more encouraging the productivity of Agriculture output when compare to foreign fertilizer. So, the government should promote local agricultural practices.
However, he pointed out that the government’s inadequate focus on waste management has hindered farmers from fully utilizing this valuable fertilizer. Without comprehensive policies and support the recycling technology, many farmers remain unaware of the potential benefits of biogas and compost, which could significantly enhance their yields and reduce costs.
The environmental and economic implications of effective waste management are profound. By converting dry waste into biogas and compost, Ethiopia could not only address pressing environmental concerns but also stimulate local economies and improve the livelihoods of farmers.
To address these challenges and fully utilize the potential of the biogas industry, the country must be Launching nationwide awareness campaigns can help educate communities about the significance of biogas. Moreover, Collaborating with local NGOs and community leaders can facilitate outreach and foster trust. Demonstration projects showcasing successful biogas systems can serve as practical examples, inspiring others to adopt similar technologies.
Furthermore, the government not only collaborating NGO organization but also to alliance with educational institutions, can develop training programs for technicians, farmers, and entrepreneurs. These programs should cover installation, operation, and maintenance of biogas systems, ensuring that knowledge is disseminated throughout the community.
The scholars stressed that the government can establish targeted financial support mechanisms to reduce the burden of initial costs. This could include low-interest loans, grants, and tax incentives for both individual farmers and companies investing in biogas technology. Creating partnerships with financial institutions can also help develop tailored financing options.
The experts underlined that the country should develop a comprehensive policy framework that explicitly addresses the biogas sector. This framework should include subsidies for biogas technology, incentives for research and development, and regulations that facilitate the integration of biogas into the national energy grid. Engaging stakeholders in policy formulation can ensure that the needs and challenges of various communities are considered.
Investing in research and development can lead to innovative solutions that enhance biogas production and efficiency. So the government should be alliance with universities and research institutions can foster technological advancements, such as improved digesters and more efficient feedstock processing techniques.
Furthermore, the government should by addressing the various barriers to biogas development, the country can harness this resource to improve energy access, enhance rural livelihoods, and contribute to environmental conservation. The Ethiopian government recognizes this potential and has set ambitious targets to increase the share of renewable energy in its energy mix. Biogas can play a crucial role in achieving these targets, contributing to energy security, rural development, and environmental sustainability.
Besides, the country can turn its waste into wealth, paving the way for a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable future. The call to action is clear: it is time for Ethiopia to embrace the recycling revolution and harness the power of biogas for the benefit of its people and the environment.
BY FIKADU BELAY
THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD WEDNESDAY 16 OCTOBER 2024
