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Addunyaarratti namoota biliyoona sadiitu dhukkuba busaatiif saaxilama. Kanneen keessaasa kan dhukkubni busaa qabatee mallattoo irratti argiisu namoota miiliyoona 243 kan ta’aniidha. Dhukkubni busaa ALA bara 2004 waggaa tokkittii keessatti namoota miliyoona 1.82 lubbuu galafatee ture yoo ta’u, bara 2010 kessaa ammoo xiqqaatti namoota miliyoona 1.24 lubbuu galaafateera.
Akka Dhaabbanni Fayyaa Addunyaa gabaasetti waggoota lama dura jechuunis bara 2017 namoota gara walakkaa miliyoonaa ta’an (435,00) ta’an ajjeese. Namoota dhukkubni busaa ajjeesu keessaa dhibbeentaan 80 biyyoota Afrikaa Sahaaraa gadii keessatti kan argamaniidha. Biyyoota akka Ameerikaa, Kaanaadaa, Awuroopaafi Raashiyaa waggoota shantama dura dhabamee jira. Gara biyya keenyaatti yoo dhufnu, lafa biyya keenyaa keessaa dhibbeentaan 75 dhukkuba busaatiif kan nama saaxiluudha.
- Dhukkubni busaa biyya keenya keessaa bakka kam baay’inaan huba?
Faca’iinsi dhukkuba busaa biyya keenya keessatti bakkaa bakkatti garaagarummaa guddaa kan qabu yoo ta’u, kunis kan ta’uu danda’e garaagarummaa olka’iinsi lafaa sirrii galaanaa (‘sea level’) irraa qaburratti hundaa’a. Lafti sirrii galaana irraa olka’iinsa meetira 2000 gaditti argamu ho’a (teempireechara) olaanaa waan qabuuf walhormaataa bookee busaatiif ni mijata.
Kanaaf dhukkubni busaas itti baay’ata. Haaluma kanaan lafti gammoojjii Oromiyaa lixaa, Amaaraafi Tigraay, guutummaa naannoo Beenishaangul Gumuziifi Gaambeellaa iddoowwan dhibeen dhukkuba busaa itti olka’aa ta’eedha.
Gammoojjiiwwan Itoophiyaa bahaa (irra jireessaan naannoo Sumaaleefi Affaar) keessatti ammoo dhukkubni busaa bal’inaan kan hinargamneefi yaai’insa lageenii hordofuudhaan, cina lageenii qofatti argama. Kunis gammoojjiiwwan bahaa kun tempireechara olaanaa qabaatanis, jiidhina waan hinqabneef walhormaata bookee kanaaf waan hinmijanneefi. Baddaan giddugaleessa biyya keenyaa ammoo sababa qorraa ta’eef dhukkuba busaarraa bilisa.
- Dhukkubni busaa maalirraa nama qaba? Waytii kam baay’inaan daddarba?
Dhukkuba busaa kan nama qabsiisan jarmoota xixiqqoo ijaan hinargamne kan akaakuu pirootozowaa ta’an pilaasmodiyamii jedhaman yoo ta’u, pilaasmodiyamiin kun akaakuudhaan jaha. Baay’inaan jaha ta’anis kan biyya keenya keessatti dhukkuba busaa namatti fidu akaakuuwwan lamaan pilaasmodiyam ‘falciparum, Plasmodium vivax’ jedhamaniidha. Jarmoota kanneen kan namaa namatti dabarsitu bookee busaa dhaltuu ‘anopheles mosquitoe’ jedhamtudha. Bookeen kun kan walhortu bakkeewwan bishaan kuufamerratti.
- Mallattooleen dhukkubni busaa argisiisu maal fa’i?
Mallattoowwan dhukkuba busaarratti mul’atan dhukkuboota hedduu biroo busaa fakkaatan irratti waan mul’ataniif adda baasuun ulfaataadha. Isa kana mana yaalaa deemuudhaan ogeessi fayyaa kan adda baafatu yoo ta’u, ofii keenyaan kan ofirratti arginu garuu mallattoowwan dhukkuba busaa kanneen akka: miirri fayyummaa namatti dhaga’amuu dhiisuu, mataa dhukkubbii, qaamni ho’uu (gubuu), dadhabbii, qaama nama caccabsuu (maashaaleen dhukkubuu)fi altokko tokko garaa keessaa illee miirri namatti hintolle namatti dhaga’amuu fa’i. Qaama ho’isuu, hollachiisu (qaama urgufuu)fi nama qorrisiisuun nama busaa qabuu yeroo murtaa’e (sa’aatii 48:00 ykn 72:00) walirraa fagaatee namatti deddeebi’uu mala, akkasuma yeroo tokko tokko walitti fufee mallattoo agarsiisuu mala.
Dhukkubni busaa yeroo hedduu deddeebi’ee yoo nama qabateefi nama keessa hinbadiin ture ta’e garaa dhiitessuufi qaama garaa keessaa “spleen” jedhamu dhiiteessuu danda’a. Mallattoowwan armaan olii kunniin yoo kan busaan nama qabe sun salphaadha ta’edha, yoo busaa sammuu hubu (‘cerebral malaria’) ta’e garuu mallattoolee addaa argisiisa. Kunis kan hawaasa keessatti “Ebelu busaatu sammuu seene” jedhu sana jechuudha, hawaasni keenya sirriitti beeka dhuguma busaan sammuu seenti. Dhukkubbni busaa sammuu kunis akaakuu jarmii busaa ‘plasmodium falciparum’ jedhamuun kan dhufu ta’ee, mallatoolee akka sammuun hojjachuu diduun waan hinjirre haasa’uu (sammuun darbuu), gaggabsuu (of wallaachisuu), qaama hurgufuu (akka nama gaggabdoo qabuutti) fi haga lubbuu dabarsuutti deemuu mala.
- Dhukkubni busaa dubartoota ulfaa akkamiin addatti huba?
Dhukkubni busaa keessumaa dubartoota ulfa jalqabaa kan lammataarratti yoo qabate miidhama nama kan biraa irraan ga’u caalaa irra geessisa. Hir’ina dhiigaa, hir’ina giluukoosii qaama keessaafi rakkoo sombaatiif carraan saaxilamuu haadha garaatti baattuu olka’aadha. Daa’imarratti rakkoolee akka: ulfaatinni qaamaa gadi bu’uu, mucaan garaa keessatti du’uu, utuu yeroon hinga’iin dhalachuufi dhukkuba busaan qabamanii dhalachuu fida. Rakkooleen kun hundi carraa lubbuun jiraachuu mucaa hir’isa.
- Yaalli dhukkuba busaa akkamiin kennama?
Dhukkubni busaa haala salphaadhaan ittifamuufi qorichaan yaalamee kan fayyuu maluudha. Qorichi kennamus haaluma akaakuu dhukkuba busaa sanaan garaa garummaa kan qabuufi haala cimina busaa sanarratti hunda’ee manattiifi hospitaala keessa ciibsanii yaaluun illee ni danda’ama. Gaarummaan waa’ee dhukkuba kana yaaluu ilaalchisee jiru, haga ammaa jarmiin busaa qoricha busaa waliin walbaree fayyuu dide jiraachuu dhabuusaati. Kunis dhukkubni busaa kamuu yaalamee akka fayyuu danda’u nutti argisiisa.
- Dhukkuba busaa ofirraa ittisuun ni danda’amaa?
![](https://www.press.et/afanoromo/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/damaa-1.jpg)
Akkuma armaan olitti kaa’ame dhukkuba busaa ofirraa ittisuun ni danda’ama. Dhukkubni busaa daddarbuuf dirqama bookee busaa barbaada. Kanaaf ittisni dhukkuba busaa bookee busaarratti xiyyeeffata. Kanas akka armaan gadiitti qoqqoodnee ilaaluu dandeenya:
- Hunda dura naannoon keenya dhukkuba busaatiif kan nama saaxilu moo hinsaaxilleedha jennee haala armaan olitti ibsame adda baasnee beekuun dirqama.
- Yoo naannoon keenya kan dhukkuba busaatiif kan nama saaxilu ta’e, maloota armaan gadii fayyadamnee of eeguu qabna.
- Bookeen busaa akka naannoo keenyatti wal hinhorre taasisuu: bookeen busaa walhoruuf bishaan ciisaa (kan hin yaane) barbaaddi. Kanaaf kan isheen wayitii Fulbaanaafi Ebla keessa baay’inaan daddarbitu.
Kanaaf bishaan naannoo keenya keessa kuufamee jiru dhangalaasuudha. Asirratti kan sirriitti hubatamuu qabu bookeen busaa wal horuuf bishaan guddaa hinbarbaaddu, bishaan kophee gatame ykn qodaa cabee gatame keessatti kuufame ga’aadha. Kanaaf kuufamoota bishaanii xixiqqoo akkasiis dhabamsiisuu qabna.
- Bookeen busaa akka nu hinciniinne ofirraa eeguu: kunis maloota garagaraa fayyadamuun akka bookeen mana salphaatti hinseenne foddaafi balbala sirnaan cufuudha. Inni guddaan ammoo bakka rafnutti waantota bookee busaa nurraa dhorkan akka agoobarafaa fayyadamuudha. Yeroo rafnus fuula keenya, harka keenyaafi miila keenya sirriitti uffisnee rafuudha.
- Yoo kana hundaa gochuu hindandeenye ammoo yoo mallattoo dhukkuba sanaa akkuma ofirratti argineen dafnee mana yaalaa deemuun yaala ga’aa argachuu qabna.
Gaazexaa Bariisaa Fulbaana 10/2012
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