سمراي كحساي
تعد لحوم الدواجن والبيض والحليب من بين أغذية المصادر الحيوانية الأكثر استهلاكًا على المستوى العالمي.
و في إثيوبيا ، يعد إنتاج الدواجن أيضًا أحد القطاعات الفرعية الرئيسية للماشية و يلعب القطاع دورًا مهمًا في تحسين تغذية الأسرة ، وخلق فرص العمل ، وتمكين المرأة بفرص اقتصادية.
و يقدر عدد الدواجن الحالي في إثيوبيا بحوالي 57 مليونًا ، معظمها من الدجاج البياض (34.26٪) ، تليها الكتاكيت (32.86٪).و فيما يتعلق بالسلالة ، هناك 78.85٪ و 12.02٪ و 9.11٪ من مجموع الدواجن المحلية والهجينة والغير محلية على التوالي وفقا للاحصائيات في عامي 2020/2021 .
و يتم إنتاج النسبة السائدة من لحوم وبيض الدواجن الوطنية باستخدام سلالات محلية منخفضة الإنتاج. ومع ذلك ، فإن السلالات غير المحلية في أنظمة الإنتاج المكثفة تساهم في زيادة حصة الإنتاج.
ووضعت الحكومة أهدافًا طموحة لتحويل نظام الدواجن الحالي بخطة لإنتاج فائض من البيض ولحوم الدواجن للتصدير. ووفقًا لخطة السنوات العشر ،سيصل إنتاج البيض إلى 5.5 مليار بحلول عام 2029 من 2.8 مليون حاليًا.و من المتوقع أيضًا أن تزداد مساهمة لحوم الدواجن في إجمالي استهلاك اللحوم الوطني من 9 إلى 30 في المائة حاليًا بحلول عام 2030.
كما ان قدرة شركات تكامل الدواجن المحلية آخذة في الازدياد و يقوم عدد متزايد من الشركات الأجنبية بإنشاء قاعدة لها في إثيوبيا.
وفي هذا الاطار نظمت اثيوبيا بالتعاون مع وزارة الزراعة وسفارة مملكة هولندا في إثيوبيا وغرفة التجارة والصناعة الأفريقية معرض الدواجن الاثيوبية والمعرض الأفريقي للثروة الحيوانية الذي انطلق في فندق سكاي لايت في اديس ابابا الاسبوع الماضي بحضور كبار المسؤولين الحكوميين والخبراء والزوار وغيرهم من أصحاب المصلحة.
وفي مقابلة حصرية مع صحيفة العلم قال مدير وسط وشرق افريقيا لشركة تراو للاغذية الحيوانية الهولندية رمجيوس هايويو إن المعرض مفيد جدًا في إنشاء روابط في السوق بين المشترين والبائعين الذين يشاركون في تربية الدواجن والماشية بالإضافة إلى معالجة المنتجات الحيوانية.
واضاف انه على الرغم من أن إثيوبيا هي المالك الرئيسي لأكبر عدد من الماشية في افريقيا، إلا أنها لم تحصل على الفوائد المطلوبة من هذا القطاع.
وأشار الي أن تنظيم مثل هذا الحدث يساهم بشكل كبير في تسخير قطاع الثروة الحيوانية غير المستغل.
وقال رمجيوس ان افريقيا تواجه بشكل عام تحديا كبيرا يتمثل في نقص المعرفة بتغذية الحيوانات وإدارة المزارع الذي يعتبر مهما في زيادة انتاجية الحيوانات.
واضاف ان العالم يشهد زيادة كبيرة في عدد السكان وان على دول العالم ان تعمل على زيادة انتاجية الحيوانات مثل البيض والحليب واللحوم من خلال رفع وعي ومعرفة المزارعين.
واضاف ان الشركة يمكنها ان تساعد المزارعين على إيجاد طرق ذكية لإطعام الحيوانات والتعامل معها ، وخلق بيئة صحية من اجل الوقاية من الأمراض.
ومن جانبها قالت خبيرة التغذية الحيوانية إلزيي جرنتس التي تعمل في نفس الشركة ان شركة تروا تعمل على دمج النهج المبتكر لتغذية وصحة الحيوان وإدارة المزارع من أجل تحقيق أقصى قدر من الأداء ومساعدة عملائها على الازدهار.
واضافت إن مجموعة الشركة الواسعة من الأعلاف ومضافات الأعلاف والخلطات الجاهزة والنماذج والخدمات الغذائية ، جنبًا إلى جنب مع خبرتها المتزايدة باستمرار في مجال الأعلاف والمزارع والصحة ، تجعل الشركة تتمتع بفرص لا حدود لها لإنشاء حلول مخصصة ومتكاملة تناسب كل منها الوضع المحلي للعميل.
واشارت إلزيي الي ان الشركة موجودة في كل مكان حيث تمتلك فروعا في 105 دولة ومن ضمنها دول افريقية مثل مصر ونيجريا وكينيا ويوغندا وان هنالك فرص واعدة في اثيوبيا في مجال التغذية الحيوانية.
وقالت ان التغذية الحيوانية مهمة جدا لأنها تؤدي إلى زيادة قدرة الحيوانات على الصمود وتوفر العناصر الغذائية المثلى التي تحتاجها لتعيش حياة صحية ولتكون منتجة.
ومن جانبه قال مدير شركة هيندريكس جينتيكس الهولندية في افريقيا بيتر ارتس انه قد شارك مرات عديدة في معرض الدواجن الاثيوبية والمعرض الأفريقي للثروة الحيوانية وان هنالك فرص واعدة في الاستثمار في قطاع تربية الحيوانات في اثيوبيا حيث يبلغ عدد السكان حوالي 120مليون.
واضاف ان شركة هيندريكس جينتيكس هي شركة لتربية الحيوانات وعلم الوراثة والتكنولوجيا وهي شغوفة بتربية الحيوانات وان الشركة لديها مشاريع لتربية الدجاج البياض والديك الرومي والدواجن التقليدية.
وقال ان الشركة رائدة في مجال التربية وعلم الوراثة والتكنولوجيا متعددة الأنواع مع أنشطتها الأساسية في الديوك الرومية والدجاج البياض والدواجن التقليدية و تهدف إلى توفير حلول وراثية مبتكرة ومستدامة لتلبية الطلب العالمي المتزايد على الغذاء.
واشار الي ان الشركة لديها أكثر من 3500 موظف وانها تدير مواقع في أكثر من 25 دولة حول العالم..
وقال ان المعرض يعتبر منصة ممتازة للجمع بين شركاء الأعمال الإثيوبيين والأجانب الذين يعملون بنشاط في قطاع الثروة الحيوانية و إن هناك أكثر من 10 شركات ومنظمات تعمل مع قطاع الثروة الحيوانية تشارك في المعرض من هولندا.
وأشار إلى أن العديد من الشركات الهولندية ترغب في إقامة روابط سوقية مع الشركات الإثيوبية التي تعمل في منتجات الألبان.
و حصلت إثيوبيا على 121 مليون دولار أمريكي من تصدير 22،689 طنًا من منتجات اللحوم خلال السنة المالية 2021/22.
و يعد قطاع الثروة الحيوانية جزءًا لا يتجزأ ومركزيًا من الزراعة ، ووفقًا لمنظمة الأغذية والزراعة ، تمثل الثروة الحيوانية ما يقرب من 40 في المائة من إجمالي الإنتاج الزراعي في العالم المتقدم و 20 في المائة في البلدان النامية مثل إثيوبيا.
و تحتل إثيوبيا المرتبة الأولى في إفريقيا والعاشرة في العالم من حيث عدد الثروة الحيوانية. و يقدر عدد الحيوانات الأليفة بالدولة وفقا لمعهد التنوع البيولوجي الاثيوبي حوالي 47.5 مليون رأس من الماشية ، 26.1 مليون رأس من الاغنام ، 21.7 مليون رأس من الماعز ، مليون جمل ، 39.6 مليون دجاجة .
ومع ذلك ، فإن التكلفة العالية للأعلاف ونقص الأراضي ، إلى جانب جودة الأعلاف وتوافرها ، فضلاً عن عدم كفاية خدمات الإرشاد البيطري ، تشكل قيودًا رئيسية على هذا القطاع.
ومع ذلك ، تخطط الحكومة لزيادة الإنتاج إلى 11.8 مليار لتر من منتجات الألبان ، و 1.7 مليون طن من اللحوم ، و 5.5 مليار بيضة ، و 106 ألف طن من لحوم الدجاج في خطة التنمية خلال ال 10 سنوات القادمة.
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