دبلوماسية المواطنة الناجحة

“اضطررنا للهروب من وطننا الثاني السودان ونزرف  دمعا حارا “

***إثيوبيا تؤكد مواصلة الجهود المكثفة لإعادة رعاياها من السودان.. عودة أكثر من 33 ألف مواطن، بعد إندلاع الصراع في السودان.

مع استمرار القتال في السودان، يتواصل فرار الآلاف من بلادهم في دول الجوار وعودة الاجانب الي بلادهم بحثا عن الأمان. ومن هم الاثيوبيون والاريتريون والتشاديون والصوماليون وغيرهم من ابناء القرن الافريقي الذين احتنهم السودان ايام السلم وتقاسم معهم لقمة العيش ، عايشوا سنوات من الحرب والعنف في بلادهم وجدوا أنفسهم مجددا وسط معارك شرسة في الدولة المضيفة السودان الشقيق ، ليفروا إلى اثيوبيا ومصر و تشاد وبلدانهم التي فروا منها لعدة اسبابا ،

وبسبب الحرب في السودان بين الاشقاء يعيش الاثيوبيون وابناء القرن الافريقي في ظروف قاسية اليوم فجاة انقلب  حال في الخرطوم الامانة وتحول الوضع الي كارثة انسانية لم ترحم ابناء السودان والاجانب معا ووجدوا انفسهم ما وصفت زنبيش الأم الاثيوبية من منطقة تجراي  قائلة انقلب الحال رأسا على عقب فبعد أن كانت تعيش مع عائلتها وأطفالها الخمسة في الخرطوم  في سلام وامان ، تحول الأمر إلى كابوس وأجبرت على الفرار إلى الحدود الاثيوبية  حيث المصير المجهول . لم تكن رحلة الهروب بالأمر الهين “اضررنا الهروب من وطننا الثاني السودان ونزرف دما حارا “إذ سارت مع ابنائها الثلاثة ا لمدة اربعة ايام  من أجل عبور الحدود والوصول إلى وجهتهم النهائية في اقليم امهرا عبر منفذ المتمة . مما يجبر العائلات على قضاء الليل على الحدود مع الحد الأدنى من الطعام والماء قبل السماح لهم بالعبور. و قد وصل العديد من الأشخاص إلى اثيوبيا  دون أية موارد تقريبًا غير متأكدين من وجهتهم القادمة خاصة السودانينين والاجانب .

وفي مايو 2023 – كشفت وكالات تابعة للأمم المتحدة، في تقرير نشرته ، أن أكثر من 20400 شخص، معظمهم أثيوبيون فارون من الحرب في السودان، عبروا حدود أثيوبيا من خلال منفذ المتمة الحدودي منذ 21  أبريل الماضي للعودة إلى بلادهم .

وذكر مكتب الأمم المتحدة لتنسيق الشؤون الإنسانية (أوتشا) أن الوافدين الجدد الذين تجاوز عددهم 5300 شخص في ألماهال، بإقليم بني شنقول غوموز، يحتاجون إلى مساعدة عاجلة .

وكان آلاف اللاجئين الأثيوبيين قد عبروا الحدود، لاجئين إلى السودان، أواخر سنة 2020 ، فارين من الحرب في إقليم تجراي الواقع بشمال أثيوبيا .

وشهدت جهود إحلال السلام في إقليم تجراي زخما كبيرا بعد توقيع طرفي الصراع على اتفاق السلام في بريتوريا، بجنوب إفريقيا .

وبدأ نقل مئات اللاجئين وطالبي اللجوء إلى موقع عبور أنشئ مؤخرا، على بعد ستة كيلومترات عن معبر المتمة.

ولاحظ “أوتشا” أن خطة 2023 للاستجابة الإنسانية حصلت، حتى 15 مايو الجاري على أقل من 22 في المائة من التمويل المطلوب الذي يقدر بـ99ر3 مليار دولار أمريكي .

وهناك حاجة إلى موارد مالية إضافية لتغطية الاحتياجات العاجلة للوافدين الجدد من السودان.

وفي ظل توافد مئات الأشخاص من السودان خلال الأسابيع الأخيرة، سجل معبر المتمة الحدودي أكثر من 33  الف شخص، معظمهم رجعوا إلى بلادهم .

وأصبح منفذ المتمة نقطة العبور الحدودية الرابعة للوافدين من السودان، بعد منافذ مدنية كورمك، وباكاغ/بوبيير في أقاليم أمهرة، وبني شنقول غوموز، وغامبيلا، على التوالي، والمنفذ الحدودي الثاني في إقليم بني شنقول غوموز .

 ودأبت الحكومة الاثيوبية منذ وصول أبي أحمد إلى السلطة في 2018 م على الإهتمام بالمواطنين الإثيوبيين في الشتات، ، حيث سعت الحكومة الإثيوبية لإطلاق سراح عدد كبير من المخالفين لنظام الاقامة وللمسجونين على ذمة قضايا عامة في السودان ودول الخليج وبعض الدول الافريقية .
واستجابة لمساعي حكومة أبي أحمد أطلقت السعودية والسودان والامارات وبعض الدول أعدادا كبيرة من المواطنين الاثيوبين في مراحل مختلفة، ،علي سبيل المثال لا الحصر  تم اطلاق سراح نحو (3000) سجين في قضايا مختلفة، كما أعفت المخالفين لنظام الإقامة من المساءلة القنونية والغرامات المالية، ويسرت لهم سبل المغادرة، على أن يسمح لمن استفاد من الاعفاء العودة إلى السعودية عبر الوسائل القانونية المتاحة.

ورغم ذلك واجهت اثيوبيا ضغوطا دولية واخرها كان ايقاف المساعدات لانسانية ..قال مسؤول كبير في الوكالة الأميركية للتنمية الدولية إن الولايات المتحدة قررت استئناف تقديم المساعدات الغذائية إلى لاجئين في إثيوبيا بعد تعليق المساعدات هذا العام بسبب عدم توصيل التبرعات إلى مستحقيها.وتأججت أزمة الغذاء في إثيوبيا في الأعوام القليلة الماضية نتيجة الحرب في إقليم تجراي وأسوأ موجة جفاف في القرن الإفريقي منذ عقود. وقال المسؤول «سينقذ استئناف المساعدات الغذائية إلى اللاجئين الأرواح وسيخفف المعاناة عن بعض من الأكثر تضررا».وقال مسؤول ثان بالوكالة إن ثمة مليون لاجئ في إثيوبيا سيستفيدون من القرار، بما في ذلك جاليات من السودان وجنوب السودان والصومال وإريتريا وغيرها.”

واليوم اكدت الخارجية الاثيوبية ، يوم الأربعاء الماضي ، مواصلة الجهود المكثفة المبذولة لإعادة الرعايا الذين يعيشون في ظروف صعبة جراء الصراع في السودان ضمن دبلوماسية المواطنة التي تتنتهجها البلاد في اعادة الاثيوبيين ومتابعة ظروفهم في المهجر  .جاء ذلك خلال قيام فرقة العمل الوطنية المعنية بإجلاء المواطنين الإثيوبيين من المناطق المتضررة من النزاع في السودان، بإجتماع  يوم الأربعاء الماضي ، لمناقشة الأنشطة المتنوعة المقرر تنفيذها في المرحلة المقبلة.

وأعلنت رئيسة فرقة العمل الوطنية، وزيرة الدولة للخارجية الإثيوبية، السفيرة بورتكان ايانو، عن عودة أكثر من 33 ألف مواطن، بعد إندلاع الصراع في السودان.

وأضافت السفيرة بورتكان ايانو، إنه يتم تقديم الخدمات اللازمة للمواطنين في المناطق الحدودية.

وأكدت السفيرة أن فرقة العمل الوطنية، أنهى الاستعدادات الأولية لإجلاء المواطنين الذين يعيشون في ظروف صعبة، مشيرة إلى أنه سيتم بدء عملية إجلاء المواطنين من الخرطوم اعتبارا من الأسبوع المقبل.

واخيرا  يحتاج العئدون الي اثيوبيا  مزيد من المساعدة عند وصولهم إلى إثيوبيا في حالة إعادتهم أيضا فعلينا ضمان حصول العائدين على الخدمات الأساسية مثل الرعاية الطبية والغذاء والمأوى والدعم النفسي الاجتماعي، بالإضافة إلى خدمات الحماية المتخصصة، وذلك للتخفيف من احتياجاتهم الفورية والمخاطر ونقاط الضعف وتمكينهم من العودة إلى ديارهم بأمان وكرامة

حتي تستطيع زنبيش الام اللاثيوبية هي وابنائها العيش في سلام  بعد ان رات انقلاب  الحال رأسا على عقب أثّر تصاعد الأحداث وتفاقم الأوضاع الإنسانية والاقتصادية في السودان، الذي ادى الي ارتفاع أعداد اللاجئين إلى الدول المجاورة بشكل كبير.

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