سد النهضة مشروع يعود بالفائدة على جميع الدول المشاطئة !

 في  مؤتمر الجمعية الدولية لمصادر المياه الثامن عشر في عام 2017 في مدينة كانكون في دولة المكسيك، وحضره أكثر من 1,500 خبير من كل دول العالم. وقد ناقش هذا المؤتمر ، على مدى يومٍ كامل، قضايا مياه النيل وسد النهضة. وتم نشر معظم الأوراق التي قُدِّمت في المؤتمرين في كتابٍ قام بتحريره ثلاثةٌ من أساتذة الجامعات المختصين بقضايا المياه. وعنوان الكتاب هو “سد النهضة الإثيوبي وحوض النيل–مدلولات التعاون في مجال موارد المياه .” أكّدت فصول الكتاب المنافع المشتركة الكبيرة للدول الثلاثة من سد النهضة (خصوصًا للسودان) والتي ستنتج من خلال التعاون بين هذه الدول.

وفي مؤتمر الجمعية الدولية لمصادر المياه السابع عشر الذي انعقد في مدينة أدنبره (اسكوتلندا) في عام 2015، وحضره أكثر من 1,400 خبير للمياه من كل أنحاء العالم. وقد ناقش المؤتمر خلال يومٍ كامل قضايا مياه النيل وسد النهضة.

ثم قامت الجمعية الدولية لمصادر المياه بنشر معظم الأوراق التي تمّ تقديمها في ذلك المؤتمر في عددٍ خاص من دوريتها “المياه الدولية” (العدد رقم 4 للمجلد رقم 41، يوليو 2016، بعنوان–عدد خاص–سد النهضة الإثيوبي: التحديات القانونية والسياسية والعلمية.

وقد أكّدت تلك المقالات العلمية التي تمَّ نشرها في ذلك العدد الخاص من دورية المياه الدولية الفوائد المشتركة الضخمة للدول الثلاثة من السدود الإثيوبية، خصوصاً سد النهضة، وضرورة التعاون بين الدول الثلاثة لتحقيق تلك الفوائد. وفصلت تلك المقالات الفوائد المتعددة من سد النهضة للسودان …

رغم ذلك ومع بدء البناء، أعربت دولتا المصب  مصر  والسودان  عن مخاوفهما من أن يؤدي السد إلى انخفاض تدفق المياه في  نهر النيل  مما يُفاقم من مشكلة نقص المياه التي تعاني منها المنطقة بسبب مواسم الجفاف و تداعيات ظاهرة تغير المناخ. ومع احتفال أديس أبابا بالذكرى الـ 12 لوضع  حجر أساس لسد النهضة، أعلنت السلطات الإثيوبية اكتمال 90 بالمائة من بناء سد النهضة.

وتؤكد إثيوبيا أن السد سوف يحقق لها الكثير من الإنجازات وسيكون علامة فارقة للبلد الذي يبلغ تعداد سكانه أكثر من 110 ملايين نسمة، إذ  تتوقع أن يُنتج السد نحو 6500 ميغاواط  ما يعادل ضعف إنتاجها السنوى من الكهرباء ما يمهد الطريق أمام توفير الكهرباء لـ 60 في المئة من سكان البلاد.

تزامن هذا مع تغيير السودان وجه نظره حيال السد إذ يأمل السودان في أن يساعد السد الإثيوبي في تنظيم الفيضانات السنوية التي تدمر الكثير من الأراضي السودانية.حسب ما جاء في الصحيفة السودانية الراكوبة

وعليه أكد نائب رئيس الوزراء ووزير الخارجية على أن سد النهضة الإثيوبي الكبير مشروع يعود بالفائدة على جميع الدول المشاطئة. وذلك، ما أكد عليه بقوله: إن سد النهضة الإثيوبي الكبير يفيد الدول المشاطئة في السيطرة على الطمي، والحد من الفيضانات، والحفاظ على سدودها، مضيفا إلى أنه يعتبر صمام أمان في أوقات الجفاف المستمر من بين فوائد أخرى.

وجاء ذلك، خلال عقد المجلس الوطني ندوة تشاورية ناقشت تنفيذ بناء السد وتقييم الاستعدادات للاحتفال بالذكرى السنوية الثانية عشر من وضع حجر الأساس لتشييد السد، ولتنسيق المشاركة العامة في بناء سد النهضة برئاسة نائب رئيس الوزراء وزير الخارجية السيد دمقي.

كما دعا الوزير إلى التعاون الإقليمي وعدم التركيز فيما يتعلق بسد النهضة فقط ، بل على المشاركة الجماعية في مشاريع التنمية. وقال: إن على الدول أن تفكر على نطاق واسع ولا تقتصر على سد النهضة الإثيوبي الكبير.لأن السد مشروع متكامل يربط دول المنطقة ويوفر الطاقة الكهربائية لدول الجوار مثل السودان وكينيا. ولذلك ، فإن التعاون من أجل المنافع المتبادلة أمر ضروري.

كما دعا الوزير إلى التعاون الإقليمي وعدم التركيز فيما يتعلق بسد النهضة فقط ، بل على المشاركة الجماعية في مشاريع التنمية. وقال: إن على الدول أن تفكر على نطاق واسع ولا تقتصر على سد النهضة الإثيوبي الكبير.لأن السد مشروع متكامل يربط دول المنطقة ويوفر الطاقة الكهربائية لدول الجوار مثل السودان وكينيا. ولذلك ، فإن التعاون من أجل المنافع المتبادلة أمر ضروري.

وفي مقابلة مع صحيفة العلم قال المستشار الإعلامي والكاتب الصحفي حول الاقتصاد والتنمية والاستقرار في إفريقيا مكي المغربي ان سد اباي لديه الكثير من الفوائد للسودان.

واضاف مكي ان السد سيساعد المزارعين السودانيين في الحصول على تدفق منتظم خلال الموسم الزراعي ويحد من مخاطر الفيضانات. وقال “إن السد سيوفر لنا ما يكفي من الماء في الوقت الذي نحتاج إليه.”

وأشار مكي الي أنه زار موقع السد ثلاث مرات وقال “لا شك في أنني لن أتحدث فقط عن فوائد سد آباي الكهرمائي ، بل قد أنشر كتابًا عنه”.

قال وزير الري السوداني السابق عثمان ألتوم حمد: إن سد النهضة الإثيوبي الكبير يفيد الدول المشاطئة في السيطرة على الطمي، والحد من الفيضانات، والحفاظ على سدودها، مضيفا إلى أنه يعتبر صمام أمان في أوقات الجفاف المستمر من بين فوائد أخرى.

ودعا الوزير إلى التعاون الإقليمي وعدم التركيز فيما يتعلق بسد النهضة فقط ، بل على المشاركة الجماعية في مشاريع التنمية. وقال: إن على الدول أن تفكر على نطاق واسع ولا تقتصر على سد النهضة الإثيوبي الكبير.لأن السد مشروع متكامل يربط دول المنطقة ويوفر الطاقة الكهربائية لدول الجوار مثل السودان وكينيا. ولذلك ، فإن التعاون من أجل المنافع المتبادلة أمر ضروري.

بدوره، يرى هاغن كوخ، العالم البارز في معهد بوتسدام لأبحاث تأثير المناخ، وفي حوار مع DW:  أنه في حالة تشغيل السد العالي في مصر وسد النهضة في إثيوبيا “معا”، فإن هذا “قد يصب في صالح البلدين من الناحية العلمية”. وفي حوار مع DW يضيف العالم الألماني البارز بالقول: “يقع سد النهضة في المرتفعات فيما يقع السد العالي على ارتفاع أقل بكثير حيث ترتفع درجات الحرارة فيما يبلغ حجم بحيرة ناصر أربعة أضعاف خزان سد النهضة، لذا في حالة إدارة هذا الأمر بشكل معقول بما يشمل تخزين المزيد من المياه في سد النهضة مقارنة ببحيرة ناصر، فسوف ينجم عن ذلك خسائر تبخر أقل وبالتالي سيكون لدى كلا البلدين المزيد من المياه المتاحة لتوليد الطاقة الكهرومائية من سد النهضة والسد العالي”.

وفي ضوء هذه المعطيات، سينتظر المراقبون إمكانية توصل الدول الثلاث إلى اتفاق مع اكتمال بناء سد النهضة عام 2024 أو عام 2025 اعتمادا على حجم الأمطار التي تسقط خلال موسم الأمطار.

لقد حان الوقت لجميع الدول المشاطئة لتقليل المخاطر المتعلقة بالمياه وبناء تنمية اجتماعية واقتصادية طويلة الأمد حيث تدعم مياه النيل التنمية الاقتصادية المتكررة وسبل العيش بالإضافة إلى تقديم تعاون كبير حول هذا المورد المشترك الرائع.

و يعد الإطار التعاوني لاتفاقية النيل أداة رائعة يمكن أن تؤتي بثمارها وينتظر تصديق الهيئة التشريعية لدولتين من بين الدول الموقعة على الاتفاقية.

ويجب على الدول المشاطئة التي لم تصدق بعد على الوثيقة تسريع العملية و حتى الآن أكملت أربع دول التصديق.

وعندما تعطي ستة دول الضوء الأخضر للاتفاقية ، ستتشكل مفوضية حوض نهر اباي التي طال انتظارها لتعزيز التعاون بين الدول المشاطئة.

لا تزال إثيوبيا ثابتة في تفانيها الثابت من أجل التنمية المستدامة ليس لاثيوبيا فحسب بل لدول حوض نهر اباي ككل . الغرض الأساسي من إنشاء السد هو توليد الكهرباء لتعويض النقص الحاد في الطاقة في إثيوبيا، وتصدير الكهرباء إلى البلدان المُجاورة. من المُتوقع أن يكون السد أكبر محطة للطاقة الكهرومائية في أفريقيا وسابع أكبر محطة في العالم … يقول فقيه أحمد نجاش، مستشار إدارة الموارد المائية في إثيوبيا، إن السد «يساعد في توفير كمية كبيرة من المياه بدلاً من التبخر.
ووفقاً لـ«نجاش»،  فإن العديد من الدراسات خلصت إلى أن تخزين المياه في إثيوبيا وبحيرة فيكتوريا يمكن أن يوفر المياه. ويقدر المياه المفقودة بسبب التبخر بنحو 4 – 5 مليارات متر مكعب فقط.

اذن  فعلينا ان نعمل معا من اجل فائدة الجميع  عبر الحوار ثم الحوار .

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About the Author: Samaray Galagai

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  60. After I originally commented I appear to have clicked on the -Notify me when new comments are added- checkbox and from now on every time a comment is added I recieve four emails with the exact same comment. There has to be a way you can remove me from that service? Thanks.

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