Yeeyyii hoolotarraa ari’uun hoolaaf galata yeeyyiif mufiidha

Yeroo tokko Pirezidaantiin Ameerikaa Obbo Abrahaam Linkoolni akkas jedhan,  “Balaan eessaa dhufa jennee eegnaa? Garba Atilaantikii gamaa dhufee nurra ejjetee nuhurreessa jennee yaadnaa? Lakkii kun gonkumaa hinta’u. Loltootni biyyoota Awurooppaafi Eeshiyaa nutti duulan humnaan bishaan buddussee tokko galaana keenyarraa hinfudhatan.

Ormi homaa tokko nugochuu hindanda’u. Yoo balleessuufi diiguun carraa keenya ta’e jalqabee kan xumuru nuqofa. Nutu biyya diiga. Nutu hanga xumuraatti raawwata. Akka ummata bilisaatti bara dheeraa jiraachuus ta’e ofiin of balleessuu nidandeenya”.

Dubbiin kun waggaa 150 dura ummatni Ameerikaa yeroo rakkoo har’a nuti keessa jirru, waldhaga’uu dadhabuu, seeraa altummaafi loliisa mootummaa federaalaafi naannolee biyyattii gara kibbaatti ta’uun miidhaa guddaan biyyicha mudate keessa ture.

Bara Abrahaam Linkoolni geggeessan keessatti loliisni ummata Ameerikaa gidduutti ka’e yoo xiqqaate lubbuu namoota kuma 750 ol galaafateera. Sababii loliisa kanaa keessaa inni guddaan hawaasa gurraacha Ameerikaa jiran akka walaboomaniif murtoo federaalaa fudhachuu diduu naannolee biyyattii gara kibbaa keessa turaniiti.

Naannoleen gara kibbaa jiran pirezidaantiin Ameerikaa Abrahaam Linkoolni bara 1860 yeroo pirezidaantii warra Rippablikaanii isa jalqabaa ta’anii muudaman namootni garbummaan warra adiif hojjetan akka bilisoomaniifi akka dhala namaatti akka jiraataniif yaalii guddaa taasisaniiru.

Kanaaf naannoleen biyyattii gara kibbaa jiraatan torba murtoo biyyaa fudhachuu didan adda ba’anii walitti dhufanii naannoo ofii uummatan-naannolee tokkummaa Ameerikaa (Confederate States) jedhanii of moggaasan.

Bulchiisni Abrahaam Linkoolnis ta’e naannoleen Ameerikaa kaabaa jiran isa kana fudhachuu nididan. Naannolee gara kibbaa jiraataniif beekamtii kennuu nididan. Haa ta’u malee waldhabdeen mootummaa federaalaafi naannolee gidduutti uumame sun daran kan sodaatamu ture.

Kichuu deemokiraasii ture kan laamshessu, miidhama hawaasarraan kan geessisuufi biyya kan diigu ta’uu nidanda’a jedhanii sodaataa turaniiru. Haa ta’u malee inni sodaatame hinhafne. Guyyaa gaafa 12, 1861 naannoleen kibbaa bulchiinsa Abrahaam Linkoolni simachuu didaniifi gurraachota naannoosaanii keessaa bilisoomsuu hinfeene, biyyi Ameerikaa akka kansaanii qofa taateetti kan ilaalan kun qubsuma loltoota federaalaarratti dhukaasa banuun akka alaabaa Ameerikaa gadi butanii hidhuun isaaniif bitamuu agarsiisan yaalan.

Kanarraa kan ka’e Abrahaam Linkoolni hidhattootni akka shira kana to’ataniif ajajan. Bara 1861 yoo xiqqaate loltootni miliyoona tokkoo ol kan itti hirmaatan Varjiiniyaarraa eegalee hanga Mizuuriitti lolatu ture.

Kanaaf loltootni federaalaa akka loltootni tokkummaa jedhanii of moggaasan kunniin hinmiliqneefi daandii gara biyyoota ambaatti geessu cufan.  Akka biyyoota biraa wajjinis walhinargine taasisan. Ta’us loliisni kun ji’oota muraasatti kan xumuramu hinturre.

Kanaaf bara 1864 tarsiimoo addaa baasuun guutummaa naannoo warra Kibbaarratti loliisa banuun dhaabbilee garbummaa deggeruun yaada mootummaa simachuu didan balleessuun bilisummaafi demokraasiin akka lalisu taasisuuf tarsiimoo baafatan. Yeroon kun yeroo salphaa hinturre.

Yoo xiqqaate biyyattii gara kibbaa keessa gurraachotni isaan gadi dhiisuu hinbarbaadne namoota kuma 700 oltu ture. Isaan kunniin akka qabeenyasaaniitti malee akka dhala namaatti lakkaa’aa hinturre. Qonna keessatti addatti tamboo, ruuzii, jirbiifi kkf omishuu keessatti lafee dugdaa biyyichaa turan. Namootni kunniin qabeenya guddaasaanii godhatanii turan.

Hanga doolaara biliyoona sadii ta’us irratti dhangalaasaniiru. Inni kun qabeenya guutummaa Ameerikaa yeroo sanaa yoo xiqqaate dhibbantaa 12 hanga 15 ta’a jechuudha. Rakkoon ture isaan kana gadhiisuu jechuun warra kibbaatiif qabeenya guddaa dhabuu ture.

Ta’us warri Rippablikaanii qabeenyummaa gurraachotaa nama jalaa baasuu ture. Inni kun warra hinliqiffamneef loliisni furmaata ture.  

Egaa rakkoo walhubachuu dadhabuurraa kan ka’e hanga bara 1865tti loliisniwwan ciccimoon geggeeffamaniiru. Qabeenyis manca’eera. Namootni kuma dhibbaan lakkaa’aman miidhamaniiru. Bara 1865 loltootni naannolee gara kibbaa ykn yeroos konfedereeshinii jedhamanii gurmaa’an harka kennan.

Caamsaa 10, bara 1865 dura ta’aa ykn pirezidaantiin warra Kibbaa, Jafarsan Davis utuu baqatuu Joorjiyaa keessatti erga booji’amee booda humni loltoota federaalaa ofirraa ittisuusaanii nilaamsha’e; loliisnis nixumurame. Loliisni kun haaxumuramus badii guddaa geessiseera.

Loliisa Ameerikaan geggeessite keessaa kan akkas miidhaa irraan gahe waan jiru hinfakkaatu. Diigamuu qabeenyaarraa eegalee hanga lubbuu namaatti gatii guddaan kanfalameera. Yoo xiqqaate namootni miliyoonni tokko umuriinsaanii ganna 15-30 ta’an loliisa kana keessatti hirmaatanii lolaniiru.

Kana jechuun baay’ina ummata Ameerikaa bara 1860 ture keessaa yoo xiqqaate namootni dhibbantaan kudhan lola kana keessatti hirmaataniiru. Namoota yeroo lolaa du’an alatti erga loliisni darbee boodas madoon du’an danuudha.

Inni kun dhaloota booda dhufuuf gadda cimaa ta’e. Waldhaga’uu dadhabuun hangam akka dhaloota gatii kanfalchiisu akka irraa baratan taasiseera. Namootni siyaasaa muraasni rakkoo uumaniin dhalootni hangam akka dararamu, fedha ofiif jecha geggeessitootni qalbii hinqabne hangam akka dhaloota aarsaa hinbarbaachisneef dabarsanii kennan irraa barachuu, barreessanii dhalootatti dabarsuu danda’aniiru.

Rakkoolee jiran walitti dhufuun mari’achuu, isa hiikuu dadhaban bulfachuu, kanirratti walii galan cimsachuufi isa hindanda’amne ammoo waljalaa irratti mari’achuun ummata geggeessan baraaruuf yaalii gochuu malee  fedhii dhuunfaatiin machaa’anii, of tuultummaan takaalamanii ofiifis kufanii dhalootas du’aaf saaxiluun wallaalummaa cimaadha.

Yeroo tokko tokko wallaalummaan gootummaa namatti fakkaatee manca’iinsa qabeenyaa, duguggaa dhalootaaf sababa kan ta’an danuudha. Inni kun baroota darbe qofa utuu hinta’in har’as jira. Yaadaan, haasaan, gochaan…kan dhaloota gara balaatti oofan hindhiban. Ofiif garuu keessa hinseenan.

Kan manca’u qabeenya. Kan duguugamu dhaloota. Kan miidhamu hiyyeessa. Namootni bu’ura rakkoo kanaa ta’an garuu tarii ijaan hinargan; gurraan dhaga’uu qofa nidanda’u. Isa kana dhalootni har’aa gadi fageenyaan ittiyaaduun murteessaadha.

Dubbii tokkoof deebii utuu hinkennin dura dhugummaasaa gadi fageenyaan xiinxaluu, bu’aafi miidhaasaa ilaaluun barbaachisaadha. Gadi fageenyaan itti yaaduun tarkaanfiin fudhatamu gaabbii hinqabu. Sichi kan barbaadamu kan isa kaan aarsaa taasisee ofiif duroomu utuu hinta’in aarsaa ta’ee dhaloota kan mul’ata guddinaa, mul’ata jijjiiramaa, mul’ata ce’umsaa keessa kaa’u qofa.

Barumsi keenya dhaloota xiinxaltoota kan omishu ta’uu qaba. Namoota gadi fageessanii yaadan, namoota mul’ata qaban kan horatu ta’uutu irraa eegama. Dhaabbilee siyaasaa, haawaasni, hayyootni…hundumtuu waan godhaniif ittigaafatamummaa guutuu kan fudhatan ta’uu qaba.

Egaa loliisni ummatni Ameerikaa geggeesse kun gatii guddaa, lubbuu dargaggootaafi saafelootaa, dhaloota bor biyya geeddaru, qabeenya biyyaafi kkf kan barbadeesse yoo ta’ellee bu’aa argamsiise qaba.

Isaan keessaa muraasni sochiin haaraan akka eegalu taasiseera. Mootummaan guutummaa biyyaa erga to’atee booda humna dinagdee Ameerikaa (Industrial Capitalism) cimseera. Loliisni ta’e kufaatii qofa fidee kan dhufe hinturre. Kufaatii jiru dandamachuun gara dinagdee biyyaa guddisuutti, rakkoo darbe qofa kulkulfachuun kan geeraran utuu hinta’in gara biyya guddisuutti ce’an.

Loliisa Ameerikaan taasiste keessaa loliisa dinagdee miidhe yoo ta’ellee loliisni kun injifannoo mootummaa federaalaatiin erga xumuramee booda gara adeemsa dinagdee biyyichaa gara industiriitti ceesisuutti xiyyeeffatan.

Gurraachotnis nibilisooman. Qabeenya namaa utuu hinta’in akka dhala namaatti ilaalaman. Ameerikaa abbootiin qabeenyaa diiguuf yaalan baraareera. Kaabaafi Kibba, Yuunineefi Konfidereeshinii… jedhan kanas akka gadi fageenyaan itti yaadan taasiseera.

Rakkoon akkasii akka lammata biyyattiitti hindeebine, manca’iinsa dinagdee, barbaadaa’uu qabeenyaa, lubbuun namaa garmalee miidhamuun gara fuula duraatti akka ittihinfufne taasiseera.

Seeraafi ilaalcha sirrii akka dhalli namaa qabaatu; waa’ee lola obboloota gidduutti ta’u gatii attamii akka nama kanfalchiisu dhalootni irraa barateera. Kanaaf Ameerikaan har’aa akka bocamtu taasiseera. Sabiinsaas duraan dursee bara 1776-1783tti warraaqsi ture tokkummaa naannolee Ameerikaa (United States) kan jedhamu yoo uumellee loliisni bara 1861-1865tti ummata Kaabaafi Kibbaa (Union and Confederation) gidduutti geggeeffame ammoo gaaffiiwwan guguddaa lama hiikee darbeera.

Tokkoffaa naannoleen of danda’oon bilisa ta’an walitti dhufanii kan biyya diigan utuu hinta’in biyya bilisa ta’e kan ijaaran bocee darbe. Lammaffaan ammoo dhalli namaa kamuu uumamaan birmaduu ta’uun akka ragga’u kan taasise qabsoo cimaa ture. Kanaaf akka biyyasaanii waliin ijaaran, akka garbummaan dhabamsiisamu taasiseera.

Gara biyya keenyaattis yoo deebine loliisa barana turerraa maal baranna? Kana gara fuulduraatti gadi fageenyaan ilaalla. Wantoota barannu danuutu jiru. Nuti har’a jaarraa lama dura biyyootni ormaa kan keessa turan keessa reef waan geenyu fakkaata.

Hangam akka boodatti hafne beekuun murteessaadha. Haala keessa jirru kanarraa baratanii darbuun, boriif bu’ura kaa’uun murteessaadha.  

“Ormi homaa tokko nugochuu hindanda’u. Yoo balleessuufi diiguun carraa keenya ta’e jalqabee kan xumuru nuqofa. Nutu biyya diiga. Nutu hanga xumuraatti raawwatas. Akka ummataatti bara dheeraa jiraachuus ta’e ofiin of balleessuu nidandeenya. Isa kanaaf dhuka’aa atoomikii nu hinbarbaachisu. Namootni siyaasaa ofittoon dhuka’aa hamaa kana caalu!”

Gaazexaa Bariisaa Mudde 10/2013  

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