Though Ethiopia’s domestic fisheries have been offering an alternative livelihood for the riparian communities, conflicts surface occasionally between Ethiopian and Kenyan fishermen in an apparent competition over a fertile fishing ground and fisheries resource use, disclosed Abebe Getahun, a Professor of Aquatic Biology at the Department of Zoological Sciences, Addis Ababa University and team member of those who drafted fisheries management plans for Trans Boundary Rivers sponsored by IGAD.
The conflict arising between the Kenyan Turkana and the Ethiopian Daasanach communities in the vicinity of Lake Turkana and Omo River Delta is just part of wider conflicts arising along the 861 km long border shared between the two countries. Repeated incidences of fisheries resource use conflicts between Ethiopian and Kenyan fishermen have been witnessed.
As to him, there is an emergence of competition over the productive fishing ground in Omo River Delta which is a fertile fishing ground supporting the high amount of fisheries potential. In the locality, there are no well-organized fisheries management institutions and structures.
Fishing is more common in Omo River Delta at the junction with Lake Turkana and around shores of the Ethiopian side of the Lake stretching from west to east. More productivity and fish diversity at Omo Delta could be attributed to the freshwater and nutrient inflow by the Omo River, shallow depth and less salinity.
He continued, “Historically fishing was for the poor and marginalized sector of the community that live essentially at the coastal areas of Omo River and Lake Turkana. However, recently more people are being attracted to the fishing sector because of a shift in livelihood from recession agriculture and pastoralism.”
Though up to 79 valid native fish species have
been reported to occur in the entire Omo-Turkana basin, 65 species in 39 genera, 20 families and seven orders can be recognized for the Omo-Turkana basin within the limits of Ethiopia. The basin has the highest fish diversity only next to Baro-Akobo Basin in Ethiopia.
“The commercially important fish species belong to the Genera Lates, Oreochromis, Citharinus, Distichodus, Alestes, Hydrocynus, Bagrus, Synodontis, Auchenoglanis, Schilbe, and Labeo. Of the many landing sites surrounding the Delta and the Lake, the six functional ones include Yerile, Koriagn Lubur, Ocholoch, Fejej, Eriker, and Bubu’a from west to east, respectively,” he continued.
He stressed that there are individual as well as organized fish trader at each landing site. Accordingly, there are two individual traders at Bubu’a fishing site, one individual trader at Koriagn Lubur site and one Enterprise (Omo Wenz Comprehensive Fish Traders) at Yerile site.
He further stressed that fishing at Omo River and Lake Turkana takes place by both individual and organized fishermen. The responsibility of organizing, following up and monitoring the fishermen cooperatives rests in the Wereda’s Cooperative Office that is governed by their own bylaws. Most members of the fishermen cooperatives are youth largely in their twenties and thirties. The cooperatives and fishermen require assistance in terms of training and fishing facilities.
Recently, there is a project initiated by Addis Ababa University and sponsored by Christensen Fund/Silicon Valley Foundation, USA that provided training and modest material support (boat with engine, fishing nets, computers, printers etc…) to one of the cooperatives and the offices that organize the fishermen and regularly record data. Similar arrangements are urgently required to equip the Ethiopian fishermen with the necessary skill and materials to sustainably exploit the fish resources in the basin.
“Currently, the Ethiopian fishermen seem to be in a disadvantaged position as compared to their Kenyan counterparts. It is unfortunate to note that fishes from Ethiopian fishermen purchased by illegal foreigners at very cheap prices (mostly bartered by basic items like salt, sugar, necklaces and other cheap ornaments) and traded to Kenya, Uganda and DRC to be sold at high prices,” he added.
He kept on saying, “The Ethio-Kenya Joint Border Commission is one of the oldest border commissions in the Horn of Africa region dealing with border issues. An Ad-hoc Committee comprising of Ethiopian and Kenyan officials from the bordering districts, representatives of NGOs such as Catholic Church operating in the border areas, representative of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) stationed at Omorate town and local elders has been formed to resolve any arising conflicts between the ethnic groups of the two countries.
He elucidated that IGAD and international bodies such as the EU and UNDP have also participated at various times in supporting the establishment of cross-border initiatives between the two countries with the ultimate goal of bringing sustainable peace. To my mind, local and international NGOs should provide continued technical and material assistance as well as training on awareness creation to the fishermen cooperatives already organized and being organized on the Ethiopian side of Lake Turkana and Omo River Delta.
In the same vein, it is required to strengthen the joint ad-hoc committee for conflict resolution between the fishermen of the two countries. More importantly, the Joint Border Commission, besides its wider mandate to deal with the entire border issues should handle conflicts arising between Turkana and Daasanach fishermen communities through various means.
“Above and beyond, though there are different means of getting to the bottom of the existing problem between Turkana and Daasanach fishermen communities, achieving sustainable peace and improved livelihoods for the fishermen operating at Omo River Delta and Lake Turkana could be better dealt with by a country level arrangement,” he wrapped up.
The Ethiopian Herald May 15/2020
BY ADDISALEM MULAT
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