Ethiopia’s potential of Mining sector is underutilized due to several challenges, including regulatory issues, long history practice of Artisan mining, environmental concerns, and lack of investment.
Artisanal mining in Ethiopia has been primarily informal, with little regulation or oversight. Artisanal miners typically use rudimentary tools and techniques, which can lead to inefficient resource extraction and significant environmental harm. The lack of formal structures in these operations often result in illegal mining activities that exploit natural resources without regard for environmental or social impacts. Such practices have led to severe land degradation, water pollution, and the displacement of communities, raising urgent concerns about the need for reform in the mining sector.
Additionally, the rise of illegal mining activities has posed significant challenges, leading to environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity, and social conflicts. In response, Ethiopia is undergoing a crucial transition towards modern mining practices that prioritize sustainability, legality, and community well-being. This transition is not only essential for the responsible extraction of resources but also for the recovery and rehabilitation of areas affected by mining activities.
The Ethiopian Ministry of Mines is poised to revolutionize the country’s mining industry by transitioning artisanal operations into modernized production methods. In an interview with the Ethiopian Press Agency, State Minister of Mines, Million Mathewos stated that the transition to modern mining techniques is crucial, as it enables producers to acquire better machinery and technology, thereby enhancing production efficiency.
“The use of advanced equipment is critical in minimizing waste, both in terms of production and labor,” the state Minister added. This shift is expected to not only increase overall output but also elevate the quality of the minerals extracted.
Ethiopia is rich in mineral resources, and the government is actively working on improving the legal frameworks and policies that govern the sector. He highlighted ongoing institutional changes aimed at fostering both traditional and industrial mining practices. These reforms are designed to boost foreign exchange earnings while ensuring that local producers reap greater benefits from their resources.
Over the past six years, the mining sector has gradually gained the attention it deserves from the government. Over all, it was an underappreciated area; however, recent efforts have sparked significant growth. “The focus on mining has led to noticeable developments and expansions within the sector,” the state Minister remarked.
The shift towards modern practices involves the application of advanced technologies and methodologies that enhance efficiency while minimizing ecological paths. For instance, the integration of geospatial technologies that allows for better planning and management of mining operations. These technologies facilitate more accurate assessment of mineral deposits, leading to reduced waste and lower environmental impact.
Artisanal, Ethiopia’s mining activities have been characterized by artisanal methods, primarily focused on gold, jewelry, and construction minerals. To enhance productivity, the government is committed to modernizing these traditional practices and integrating technology into the production process. This modernization effort aims to empower traditional miners, enabling them to accumulate capital and enhance their skills.
In line with these initiatives, its approximately 3,600 kilograms of the planned gold production will come from traditional methods under the whole planed in that expected in annually. The state Minister stated that traditional mining is evolving into a more structured industry, encompassing small, medium, and high-level operations. The modernization of production techniques is set to further reduce inefficiencies and maximize output.
Despite these efforts, challenges remain. Illegal mining has still continued to pose a threat to the success of modern practices, as enforcement of regulations can be difficult in remote areas. Additionally, the need for ongoing education and awareness-raising among local communities about the benefits of legal mining practices is paramount. The government must prioritize outreach programs that highlight the significance of sustainable mining and the potential consequences of illegal operations.
Moreover, the government has established regulatory frameworks aimed at formalizing the mining sector. By creating a legal environment that encourages responsible mining, authorities can curb illegal operations while promoting transparency and accountability. Licensing processes are now more stringent, requiring miners to obey to environmental standards and social responsibilities. This regulatory shift is essential not only for protecting the environment but also for ensuring that local communities benefit from mining activities through job creation and infrastructure development.
According to him, the recent government’s macroeconomic initiatives have led to a notable increase in mineral output. The government reforms aimed at significantly boosting mineral production, with a particular focus on gold. Also, these reforms are already yielding positive results, enhancing productivity and reducing production losses across the sector. “We are witnessing a substantial growth in mineral production, especially in gold,” he stated.
For the current fiscal year, he mentioned that the government has set an ambitious target of producing 8.6 tons of gold, a figure that reflects a significant uptick from previous years. Impressively, the state minister noted that 70 percent of this target has already been achieved in just the first three months.
The government’s dedication to transforming the mining sector is evident in its strategic approach to harnessing Ethiopia’s vast mineral wealth. By implementing these macroeconomic reforms and focusing on modernization, the Ministry of Mines is not only enhancing production but also laying the groundwork for sustainable growth in the industry.
Another critical component of the efforts is the emphasis on community engagement and empowerment. The government recognizes that sustainable mining practices must involve local communities, who are often the most affected by mining operations. By fostering partnerships with local stakeholders, the government can ensure that the benefits of mining are distributed equitably. Community consultations and participatory decision-making processes are now integral to mining projects, allowing local voices to influence how resources are managed and utilized.
He underlined that the country continues to develop its mining capabilities, the potential for increased foreign investment and economic development is substantial. The government remains optimistic that these efforts will lead to a more robust mining sector, ultimately contributing to the country’s overall economic prosperity. With the right support and continued focus on modernization, Ethiopia’s mining industry is on track for a bright future.
In addition to these reforms, Ethiopia is actively involved in the recovery and rehabilitation of areas affected by mining. This involves comprehensive plans for land rehabilitation, which are crucial for restoring ecosystems and supporting local livelihoods. The government is investing in reforestation programs, soil restoration projects, and the establishment of protected areas to mitigate the impacts of past mining activities. These initiatives not only help restore the environment but also provide alternative livelihoods for communities that previously relied on mining.
Furthermore, the government is collaborating with international organizations and NGOs to support sustainable mining practices and recovery efforts. These partnerships bring technical expertise, funding, and innovative approaches to environmental management. By learning from global best practices, Ethiopia can enhance its capacity to manage its mineral resources responsibly while addressing the legacy of illegal mining.
Besides, by implementing regulatory reforms, engaging local communities, and investing in environmental recovery efforts, the government is attempting to addresses the immediate challenges posed by illegal mining and others that lays the foundation for a more sustainable and equitable mining sector in the future. The country’s commitment for balancing economic development with environmental stewardship will be crucial for the well-being of its people and the preservation of its natural heritage.
BY FIKADU BELAY
THE ETHIOPIAN HERALD WEDNESDAY 23 OCTOBER 2024
