ياسين احمد رئيس المعهد الاثيوبي للدبلوماسية الشعبية
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قال رئيس الوزراء مؤخرًا إن: “البحر الأحمر له أهمية قصوى في تعزيز تنمية إثيوبيا من خلال سياسة الأخذ والعطاء بهدف امتلاك ميناء في البحر الأحمر”. وبما أن إثيوبيا لديها كل ما يمكن تطويره، فيجب على جميع المواطنين أن يكونوا على دراية جيدة بالموارد الوفيرة للأمة.
وحول هذا الموضوع اجرت صحيفة العلم حوارا مع ياسين احمد رئيس المعهد الاثيوبي للدبلوماسية الشعبية والحوار كالتالي :-
- ما العلاقة بين البحر الأحمر وإثيوبيا من منظور تاريخي وجغرافي؟
في البداية قبل ان ارد على اسئلتك دعني اولا ان اعلق على تصريحات فخامة رئيس الوزراء الدكتور ابي احمد الذي اكد علي ان مياه البحر الاحمر لاتقل اهمية عن مياه النيل لاثيوبيا، ربط يسعي لمحاكاة سردية تسببت في اغلاق اثيوبيا وجعلها دولة حبيسة بالرغم من التأريخ المشترك بين اثيوبيا واريتريا ثقافيًا واجتماعيا واقتصاديا وسياسيا وامنيا عندما كانا كلا الشعبين الشقيقين ينتميان الى دولة واحدة. وبتقديري لدى إثيوبيا رؤية ومصالح استراتيجية في الوصول إلى جميع الموانئ البحرية في منطقة القرن الإفريقي يرتكز عليها آبي أحمد، رئيس الوزراء الإثيوبي، في مشروعه الإقليمي الذي يقوم على ضمان التقدم الاقتصادي لإثيوبيا والتغلب على كونها دولة حبيسة، مما يعزز المساعي الإثيوبية لامتلاك حصص في الموانئ البحرية بالمنطقة.
العلاقة بين اثيوبيا والبحر الاحمر علاقة تاريخية ولها امتداد جغرافي وديمفرافي منذ ممكلة اكسوم في الحبشة وامبراطوريتها الحبشية التى كانت تشمل منطقة القرن الافريفي وبحر النجاشي الذي كان يطلق على البحر الاحمر حينئذ. ولكن مع الاستعمار الاوروبي الذي ساهم في رسم هذه الحدود المصطنة بين دول وشعوب القرن الافريقي وعليه فرضت على اثيوبيا انت تكون دولة حبيسة دون منفذ بحري على البحر الاحمر. اثيوبيا تقر بالامر الواقع وتحترم سيادة الدول المطلة على البحر الاحمر بما فيها إرتريا وجيبوتي والصومال وارض الصومال والسودان ولكن مع ذلك فان القانون الدولي يعطى الحق لاثيوبيا ان يكون لها منذ بحري على البحر الاحمر من خلال التقاعد على صيغة توافقية بين اثيوبيا وارتريا في إطار تبادل المنافع لتعزيز المصالح المشتركة بين البلدين والشعبين الشقيقين.
- 2- تطرح من البعض أفكار يقال بأن إثيوبيا غير مستفيدة من البوابة البحرية وتم إبعاده إثيوبيا فما رأيكم في مثل هكذا أفكار؟
بتقديري ان السياسات الخاطئة والظالمة للانظمة الاثيوبية المتعاقية السابقة والتى فشلت في إدارة الشؤون الداخلية والخارجية لاثيوبيا اسهمت في إهمال الحفاظ على حق اثيوبيا ان يكون لها منذ بحري على البحر الاحمر تحت السيادة الارترية بعد استغلال ارتريا من اثيوبيا. النظام الحاكم في اثيوبيا اعترف باستغلال ارتريا دون اي ضمان او اتفاق يضمن حق اثيوبيا بان يكون لها منذ بحري على الموانئ الارترية. اذا لم يتم ابعاد اثيوبيا من البحر الاحمر ولكن النظام السابق في اثيوبيا المتمثل في الائتلاف الحاكم بقيادة الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير تجراي الذي ارتكب خطا استراتيجيا عندما قرر الاعتراف باستغلال إرتريا في عام 1993 دون ان يحقق حصول وامتلاك اثيوبيا على منذ بحري على احدى الموانئ الارترية تحت سيادة ارتريا عبر إتفاق بين اثيوبيا وارتريا لمدة 50 او 100 عام.
- إذا لدى إثيوبيا بوابة بحرية مباشرة، فكيف يمكن تفسير أهمية تخفيف الضغطوطات الناجمة عن السكان والإقتصاد؟
بتقديري ستحقق اثيوبيا مكاسب إقتصادية كبيرة من خلال خفض تكاليف الحاويت لورادتها وصادراتها في الميناء الذي سيكون تحت إدارتها واشرافها على البحر الاحمر. حيث تسعى اثيوبيا الى تقوية اقتصادها لتعزيز نفوذها الإقليمي في القرن الإفريقي حتى تربط اقتصاديات دول المنطقة بالاقتصاد الأثيوبي.
لان الطموح الأثيوبي يسعى الى جعل أثيوبيا مركزا إقليميا لجذب الاستثمارات الأجنبية الإقليمية والدولية. لذلك تقود اثيوبيا مبادرة التعاون والتكامل الإقليمي في القرن الإفريقي اقتصاديا لتعزيز المشركة للدول والشعوب.
- 4- بإعتقادك هل سيكون فعالا إذا اتبعت دول الجوار نظام المنافع المتبادلة المتوازنة )الأخذ والعطاء) في سد النيل أو البحر الأحمر (بوابة البحر)؟
بتقديري نعم لان دول بحجم اثيوبيا وسكانها تعتبر اكبر سوق في شرق افريقيا وبالاضافة الى الاقليمية والقارية لاثيوبيا كمقر دائم للاتحاد الافريقي. هناك فوائد ومنافع متبدالة لين اثيوبيا والدول المطلة على البحر الاحمر في القرن الافريقي تسهم في تعزير التكامل الإقليمي الاقتصادي لتعزيز المصالح المشتركة ببن دول وشعوب القرن الافريقي،
اثيوبيا لها الكثير من الموارد الطبيعية على سبيل المثال الانهار التى تتدفق على بعض دول القرن الافريقي وكذلك سد النهضة الاثيوبي يستطيع ان يزود دول القرن الافريقي بالكهرباء وخدمات الاتصالات الاثيوبية وكذلك الخطوط الجوية الاثيوبية التى تعتبر اكبر خطوط جوية في افريقيا.
- طرحت فكرة البوابة البحرية مع فكرة “دعونا نناقشها”، كيف ترى ذلك من حيث تعزيز الدبلوماسية مع دول الجوار؟
لقد كسر رئيس الوزراء ابي احمد التابوهات حول البحر الأحمر بطرحه فكرة البحث على منفذ بحري لاثيوبيا على البحر الاحمر بشكل رسمي للنقاش والحوار بين الاثيوبين في الداخل والخارج من جهة وبين اثيوبيا والدول الاخرى المطلة على البحر الأحمر.
لان قضية إمتلاك منفذ بحري لاثيوبيا كانت من القضايا المسكوت عنها في اثيوبيا وكانت بمثابة من المحرمات والتابوهات لمجرد النقاش والحوار فيها فبتالي كانت من الملفات المدفونة سياسيا لاكثر من ثلاثة عقود في العلاقات الاثيوبية الارترية. اما الان اصبحت المسالة مفتوحج للنقاش الموضوعي بين شعوب القرن الافريقي والقيادات السياسية لدوله من اجل التوصل إلى حلول سلمية ودبلوماسية من خلال إتفاق وتعاقد يرضى كل الاطراف المعنية على اساس تبادل المنافع وتعزيز المصالح المشتركة بينا اثيوبيا ودول القرن الافريقي وبهذا تتجنب دولنا وشعوبنا صراعات ومواجهات عسكرية وحروب طاحنة قد تكلف ثمنا باهزا من فقدان الارواح بسبب عدم التسوية والحلول السلمية لمشكلة منفذ بحري على البحر الاحمر.
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