سد النهضة وتعزيز التكامل الإقليمي !!

إن سد النهضة الاثيوبي العظيم سيلعب دورًا حاسمًا في التكامل الإقليمي وتعزيز العلاقات بين الدول المجاورة بالإضافة إلى فوائده الاجتماعية والاقتصادية متعددة الأوجه على المستوى الوطني والاقليمي .

“بالنسبة لنا نحن الإثيوبيين، إن نهر النيل له معنى كبير على الرغم من فوائده الاقتصادية، أن “نهر أباي هو رمز لصعودنا ومظهر من مظاهر أننا نستطيع أن نقف جنباً الى جنب حسب رئيس الوزراء ابي احمد

وعليه أن سد النهضة العظيم مشروع يعود بالمنفعة المتبادلة لدول المنطقة والمشاطئة لحوض النيل، ودوره في تعزيز التكامل الإقليمي.

وليس هذا فحسب، بل  أن فوائد سد النهضة تتجاوز الحدود الإثيوبية، حيث تسعى إثيوبيا لزيادة إنتاج الطاقة الكهربائية لسد حاجة الدول المجاورة وتحقيق تكامل اقتصادي يعود بالنفع على دول المنطقة.  بالإضافة الى ذلك، يساعد سد النهضة على تنظيم جريان المياه إلى دول حوض النيل، والحماية من الرواسب والفيضانات، وأن السد يجب مصدرا للتعاون بين الدول، بدلا من الصراع.

وكان قد ذكر المتحدث الرسمي باسم الخارجية الإثيوبية ملس الم، أن إثيوبيا تتمتع بعلاقات جيدة مع دولتي المصب، مؤكدا حرص إثيوبيا على تعزيز التعاون الإقليمي لتحقيق التنمية، بما يعود بالنفع على شعوب المنطقة، مشيرا إلى أن الملء الرابع لسد النهضة، تمت بناءً على سياسة سيادة إثيوبيا، ولتمكين 65 مليون مواطن من الحصول على الكهرباء.

وقال ملس: إن تعبئة السد هي “هدية للإثيوبيين في عامهم الجديد، موضحا أن إثيوبيا لم توقع أي اتفاقية بشأن نهر النيل، مضيفا إلى أن البلاد لن تتوقف عن جهودها التنموية بسبب اتفاقيات الحقبة الاستعمارية الأحادية الجانب.

ولفت ملس، إلى أن إثيوبيا نجحت في التغلب على التحديات والضغوطات الهائلة بسبب السد، من خلال التمسك الصارم بالمبدأ والالتزام.

وأكد وزير المياه والطاقة الإثيوبي، المهندس هبتامو إيتيفا، على ان إثيوبيا تعمل على تركيب 5 توريبات إضافية لتوليد الكهرباء من سد النهضة، خلال العام الإثيوبي الحالي، وبذلك يصل عددها إلى 7 توربينات.

وجاء ذلك في تصريحات للمهندس هبتامو إيتيفا، لمؤسسة فانا الإعلامية، حيث قال: إنه سيتم تشغيل 5 توربينات لتوليد الكهرباء من سد النهضة، في هذا العام 2016 –بحسب التقويم الإثيوبي-، بالإضافة إلى التوربينين اللذين بدآ في توليد الطاقة عام 2014. مضيفا إلى أنه بعد تشغيل التوربينات الخمس بالإضافة الى التوربينين المركبين مسبقا، ينتظر أن يتم إنتاج الطاقة منهما بما يعادل 1800 ميغاواط. كما ذكر المهندس هبتامو، أن السد سيكون قادراً على توليد 5150 ميغاوات عند اكتماله، وتركيب التوربينات  الـ 13 المقررة.

وذكر باحث من جنوب السودان: بأن سد النهضة الإثيوبي الكبير سيلعب دورًا محوريًا في تعزيز التكامل الإقليمي من خلال تعزيز إمدادات الطاقة. سيكون سد النهضة ، وهو سد للطاقة الكهرومائية تشيده إثيوبيا على نهر النيل الأزرق ، مركزًا على إمدادات الطاقة النظيفة والمتجددة من خلال زيادة إمدادات الكهرباء في البلاد وتصديرها إلى دول شرق إفريقيا.

ونتيجة لذلك ، من المتوقع أن يكون سد النهضة حافزًا للعلاقات بين الشعوب وكذلك التجارة بين دول المنطقة.   في إحدى مقابلاته مع وكالة الانباء الاثيوبية، قال الأستاذ المساعد بجامعة جوبا، تير تونجيك ماجوك، إن بناء السد له أهمية قصوى بالنسبة لإثيوبيا وحيوي للتكامل الإقليمي.

كما أن فرص التكامل تكمن في إيجاد حلول مشتركة ومستدامة للقضايا المرتبطة بالسد، وتشمل: الحوار والتفاوض التي  يجب على الدول الثلاث الاستمرار في الحوار والتفاوض المستدام والتوصل إلى اتفاقات مشتركة تحقق المصالح المشتركة ووضع مبدا رباح – رباح .

كما أن التعاون المشترك يمكن للدول الثلاث في العمل معًا لإيجاد آليات للتعاون المشترك في إدارة المياه والتخطيط الاستراتيجي والاستفادة القصوى من موارد نهر النيل. كما يمكن للدول الثلاث استكشاف فرص التعاون في مجالات كل من  الطاقة والري والسياحة والنقل، والاستفادة من السد كمنصة للتعاون الإقليمي وتعزيز التجارة والتنمية الاقتصادية.

ولكن تحقيق التكامل في سد النهضة يتطلب إرادة سياسية قوية وروح التعاون من قبل الدول الثلاث. ويؤي ذلك إلى استدامة الموارد المائية والتنمية المستدامة في المنطقة ككل بالتعاون والشفافية.

واخيرا، أن جميع الإثيوبيين ملتزمون بإكمال السد من خلال المساهمة من دخلهم الصغير. وبما أن الدول المجاورة يفهمون هذه الحقيقة، فإن إثيوبيا والإثيوبيون مستعدون دائمًا لنهج مربح للجانبين ويهدفون إلى تعزيز التكامل الإقليمي في القارة”. حسب قول رئيس الوزراء الدكتور أبي احمد.  

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About the Author: Samaray Galagai

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