أبرها حغوس
تحتل أثيوبيا أهمية سياحية كبيرة فى أفريقيا بفضل ما تضمه من أماكن سياحية مميزة تنجح فى جذب آلاف السياح إليها وتمتاز أثيوبيا بتنوع الأماكن السياحية ما بين القصور والمتاحف والمتنزهات والحدائق الجميلة، كما تحظى إثيوبيا بتاريخ عريق يسعى الزوار لإكتشافه من خلال زيارتهم للمعالم السياحية هناك ويأتى على رأسها: حديقة “جبال بالي” وهى واحدة من أبرز الحدائق الوطنية على مستوى العالم وتضم مجموعة متميزة من الجبال الرائعة التى تمكنك من مشاهدة المعالم السياحية ، تمثل حديقة جبال بالي الوطنية إحدى أهم الوجهات السياحية لمحبي الطبيعة والحيوانات البرية والأليفة بمختلف أنواعها.
وحديقة جبال بالي الوطنية هي متنزه قومي في أثيوبيا. تبلغ مساحة الحديقة حوالي 2،150 كيلومتر مربع في جبال بيلي و هضبة سانيتي من المرتفعات الاثيوبية.
وتقع حديقة جبال بالي الوطنية في الجنوب الشرقي في أثيوبيا ، 400 كم جنوب شرق اديس ابابا و 150 كم شرق شاشاماني في إقليم أوروميا. وهي جزء من كتلة بالي-أرسي ، التي تشكل الجزء الغربي من الجنوب الشرقي المرتفعات الاثيوبية
المياه
تلعب جبال بالي دورًا حيويًا في التحكم في المناخ في المنطقة من خلال جذب كميات كبيرة من الأمطار ، والتي لها آثار واضحة على الثروة الحيوانية والإنتاج الزراعي. يسقط ما يقرب من 600 – 1000 ملم سنويًا في المناطق ذات الارتفاعات المنخفضة ، بينما يسقط 1000 – 1400 ملم في المناطق المرتفعة ، ويعتمد أكثر من 12 مليون شخص من كينيا والصومال وإثيوبيا على المياه من كتلة بالي.
وتعتبر جبال بالي هي مصدر للعديد من الينابيع في الأراضي المنخفضة ، والتي لها أهمية قصوى لأنها المصدر الوحيد للمياه على مدار السنة. إضافة إلى ذلك هناك العديد من ينابيع المياه المعدنية الطبيعية والتي توفر مصدرًا أساسيًا للمعادن للماشية. يتم تقييم الينابيع المعدنية داخل الحديقة لمحتواها العالي من المعادن (صوديوم, البوتاسيوم, المغنيسيوم, الزنك و الكالسيوم) ، ويعتقد الرعاة المحليون أنه من أجل الحفاظ على صحة جيدة وإنتاج الحليب .
الحيوانات: –
تعد حديقة جبال بالي الوطنية منطقة مهمة للعديد من الحيوانات و تضم الحديقة 26٪ من الأنواع المستوطنة في إثيوبيا ، بما في ذلك بقرة واحدة ، وأرنب واحد ، وثمانية أنواع من القوارض و هناك أيضًا العديد من البرمائيات النادرة والمستوطنة.
الثدييات:-
تشمل أنواع الثدييات في منتزه جبال بالي الوطني الذئب الإثيوبي (كانيس سيمينسيس), وماعز نيالا و فأر الخلد الأفريقي كبير الرأس, و الضبع المرقط وغيره.
كما تشمل الثدييات الأخرى في حديقة جبال بالي الوطنية الذئب الذهبي الأفريقي, النمر الأفريقي و الكلب البري الأفريقي. وما يقرب من ثلث الثدييات التي تعيش في جبال بالي هي من القوارض.
النباتيات:-
تعتبر غابات جبال بالي مهمة للمخزونات الوراثية لـ قهوة الغابة البرية (قهوة ارابيكا) وللنباتات الطبية في إثيوبيا. تم تحديد ثلاث نقاط ساخنة للنباتات الطبية: اثنتان في منطقة -غايساي وواحدة في منطقة- أنغسو ، تمتد عبر حدود المنتزه.
ويقول بعض الزوار للحاديقة ومنهم سائح من دُبي في الإمارات العربية المتحدة جاء إلى جبال بالي لرؤية الذئب الإثيوبي “أن المكان جميل جدا وبارد و الحديقة ضخمة ، وبحالة جيدة ، وتمكنت من رؤية بعض الذئاب الإثيوبية وتوجد هناك مناظر رائعة للرحلات تستحق الزيارة.”
ويقول السائح دينشو من أوروبا ” رأيت ماشية ، حتى على ارتفاع 4000 متر، كما رأيت الذئب الإثيوبي ، ورأيت قطيعاً من الأبقار مع راعيها. حتى على ارتفاع 4000 متر يبدأ السكان المحليون في رعي الماشية. لكن بسبب وجود الماشية وعدم وجود تطبيق للقانون أخشى أن تكون هذه نهاية الذئب الإثيوبي”.
وحديقة جبال بالي الوطنية مفتوحة على مدار العام على الرغم من أن الوقت الأكثر شعبية للزيارة هو من نوفمبر إلى أبريل عندما تتوقف الأمطار. يمكن الوصول إلى الحديقة بالسيارة الخاصة أو وسائل النقل العام من اديس ابابا.
ويمكن للزوار اختيار التنزه في جميع أنحاء المنتزه إما على ظهور الخيل أو سيرًا على الأقدام ، أو بدلاً من ذلك زيارة المتنزه بالكامل بالسيارة.و تتراوح الرحلات من ليلة واحدة إلى 12 ليلة ويمكن التنقل عبر جميع النظم البيئية المختلفة للحديقة.
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